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3
Indsamlinger» af Bundprøverne, hidsætter jeg følgende
Uddrag af Hr. Kaptein Wiües Beretning om Apparaterne og
deres Brug :
„Naar Dvhden ikke antoges at være over 1000 Favne
anvendtes det saakaldte Rørlod. Til Lodning paa større
Dyb brugtes Baillie-Maskinen.
Rørloddet er af Bly (0.77"’ langt og 0.078" i
Diameter) og veier 56 Kgr. Det har i den nedre Ende et i
en Messingmuffe indskruet Jernrør (0.23m langt og 0.04’"
i indre Diameter) til Optagelse af Prøver fra Bunden.
Dette Rør har i den øvre-Ende nogle Huller, for. at
Vandet kan slippe ud. naar Bundprøven trænger ind nedenfra,
og i den nedre Ende en Butterfly-Ventil, der aabner sig
opad. og som hindrer Bundprøven fra at skylles ud under
Ophalingen. Naar Røret er afskruet, kan et Sidestykke
tages ud, hvorved Bundprøven kommer tilsyne meel sine
naturlige Lag og kan undersøges foreløbig, førend den
bringes paa de dertil bestemte Opbevaringskar.
Til Oplodning paa over 1000 Favne brugtes
Baillie-Maskinen. der var forsynet med den sannne Indretning til
Optagelse af Bundprøverne som Rørloddet; men Jernrøret
var her betydelig større (0.43m langt og 0.057’" indre
Diameter) og kunde derfor skaffe rigeligere Portioner op
af Havbunden*’.
Hvor Slamlagene var mægtige nok til at fylde
Jernrorene i hele deres Længde, kunde Rørloddet og
Baillie-Maskinen optage 200—700 Gr.1 af Havbundens løse
Materiale.
Ombord blev der ikke foretaget nogen grundigere
Undersøgelse af Bundprøverne. Man indskrænkede sig til
korte Notitser i Loddejournalen om deres Udseende og Art.
hvorpaa de opbevaredes paa Glaskrukker til videre
Bearbeidelse efter Hjemkomsten. De Benævnelser, der ombord
blev tildelt de forskjellige Slags Sedimenter, er væsentlig
hydrografiske; cle nye Udtryk, der er komne til. skyldes
Zoologerne. Ved den kortfattede Beskrivelse i
Loddejournalen bar der imidlertid indsneget sig enkelte Misforstaaelser
og Feil. som ved denne Afhandling vil blive Gjenstand for
en Revision.
Det fremgik som et umiddelbart Resultat af
Observationerne ombord, at de Slamdannelser, .der bedækker
Bunden i Nordhavet." er af en uligeartet Beskaffenhed.
Vi fandt imidlertid som en Lovmæssighed, at
Bundprøverne kunde inddeles i forskjellige Grupper, hvis særegne
Kjendemærker rettede sig efter Forekomststedet. I
Overensstemmelse med hvad der er forucl bekjendt om lignende
Forhold, viste det sig. at Dybden var den væsentligste
Betingelse for Sedimenternes Udseende og Art.
Jeg finder det hensigtsmæssigt, førend jeg gaar over
til den nærmere Beskrivelse af Bundprøverné. at give en
1 Vægten af Slammet i tørret Tilstand.
of Captain Wille’s contributions to the General Report,
are given to explain the character of the apparatus with
which the samples were brought up.
"When the depth was supposed not to exceed 1000
fathoms, we used the tube-lead, as it is called. For
sounding in greater depths the Baillie machine was employed.
The tube-lead (2 feet 61/* inches long by 3 inches in
diameter) is of lead, and weighs 112 pounds. At the lower
end it has a brass box. into which is screwed an iron tube.
9 inches long and 2 inches in diameter, for bringing up
samples of the bottom. This tube has the upper end
perforated with a number of holes to allow of the water
passing out on the sample of the bottom pressing in from
beneath, and is furnished at the lower end with a butterfly
valve, opening inwards, to prevent the washing out of the
sample on its journey to the surface. The tube screwed
off. the sample within may. by removing a slip from the
side, be disclosed as it lies in situ for preliminary
examination. before being taken to the receptacles in which it is
stored.
The Baillie machine, used for depths exceeding lOOO
fathoms, had the same arrangement as the tube-lead for
bringing up samples of the bottom; but the tube being of
much greater dimensions (17 in. long by 2.2 in. indiameter),
a proportionally larger quantum of deposit could be obtained
with this instrument."
When the surface-layer was sufficiently extensive in
a vertical direction to admit of the tubes being filled
throughout their entire length, the tube-lead and the Baillie
machine brought up respectively 200 grammes and 700
grammes1 of the bottom.
On board, the samples were not submitted to analysis,
but, after noting their nature and general appearance,
carefully removed to glass jars for subsequent examination.
The. characteristic terms given in the sounding-journal to
the various descriptions of clay, are chiefly hydrograpliic;
for the various appellative expressions of zoological origin
occurring in this Memoir I am indebted to the suggestions
of Professor Sars and the other naturalists to the
Expedition. Owing to the compendious form, a few minor errors
and misconceptions have slipped into the brief descriptive
statement in the sounding-journal, which has accordingly
been submitted to a careful revision.
As a direct result of the cursory inspection on board,
it was apparent that the layers of sedimentary deposit
covering the bed of the North Atlantic differ considerably
in character.
Meanwhile, a marked regularity of occurrence admitted
of arranging the samples in definite groups, with distinctive
features exclusively referrable to locality. In accordance
with analogous phenomena previously investigated, depth
proved the main condition determining the nature and
appearance of the deposits.
Before proceeding to give a detailed description of
the samples of the bottom collected on the Norwegian North-
1 Weight of the clay when dried.
I*
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