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Iden for den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition vedtagne Plan
var indtaget meteorologiske Iagttagelser paa Havet,
omfattende Vindens Retning, Styrke og Hastighed, Luftens
Tryk, Temperatur og Fugtighed, Skyernes Art og Mængde,
Nedbørens Art og Mængde, Søgangens Retning og Styrke,
Havoverfladens Temperatur, og andre lejlighedsvis
forekommende Fænomener. Iagttagelserne, udførte hver Time
gjennem hele Døgnet, antoges at kunne tjene dels til
Bestemmelse af de meteorologiske Elementers daglige Periode i
Sommermaanederne paa et hidtil i denne Henseende ikke
udforsket Strøg af Verdenshavet, dels til Oplysning om
Vejrforholdene sammesteds, navnlig ved Indførelse i
synoptiske Karter. Forsøgsvis skulde anstilles- Iagttagelser over
Havvandets Fordunstning.
De meteorologiske Iagttagelser paa Expeditionen bleve
organiserede af mig, og som Deltager i samme paa alle
dens Togter havde jeg dagligt Tilsyn med deres Udførelse.
I denne Afhandling skal jeg først beskrive de
anvendte Instrumenter og deres Brug samt Iagttagelsernes
Reduction, for hvert af de meteorologiske Elementer
særskilt. Dernæst skal jeg give, i Tabelform, de reducerede
Iagttagelser, og til Slutning de Resultater, der eré udledede
af disse. Som Tillæg skal jeg meddele mine Iagttagelser
over Havvandets Fordunstning.
The Scheme of Work for the Norwegian North-Atlantic
Expedition included Meteorological Observations at
Sea, comprising the direction, force, and velocity of the
wind, the pressure, temperature, and humidity of the
atmosphere, the form and amount of cloud, the nature and
amount of the precipitation, the direction and state of the
sea, the temperature of the sea-surface, and phenomena of
occasional occurrence. Such observations, taken every hour
of the twenty-four, would serve, it was believed, partly to
determine the diurnal period of the meteorological elements
during the summer months throughout a tract of ocean till
then unexplored, and partly to «elucidate questions bearing
on the weather in that region of the North-Atlantic, the
results being inserted in synoptical charts. Moreover,
experiments were to be made on the evaporation of
sea-water.
The meteorological work was planned and organized
by myself; and having accompanied the Expedition as a
member on each of its three cruises, I had daily
opportunity of superintending the observations.
In this Memoir, I shall first describe the instruments
employed and the mode of using them, as also the
reduction of the observations, — separately for each of the
meteorological elements; I shall then tabulate the reduced
values, and finally set forth the, results deduced therefrom.
An Appendix will contain my observations on the
evaporation of sea-water.
I. Vind.
Ombord i et Skib, der er i Fart, og navnlig paa et
Dampskib, føles Vinden i en Retning og af en Hastighed,
der i Regelen begge ere forskjellige fra den virkelige Retning
og Hastighed af Vinden. For at kunne finde den sande
Vindretning og Vindhastighed maa man derfor enten directe
observere Vindens Virkning paa Søens Overflade, eller man
maa ved Observation bestemme Vindens Retning og
Hastighed, saaledes som den fornemmes ombord, og ved
Beregning, idet man tillige har iagttaget Skibets Retning og
Hastighed, af disse Data søge at komme til Resultatet.
Deu norske Nordhavsexpeditiou. H. Mohn: Meteorologi.
I. Wind.
The direction and velocity of the wind as felt on
board a ship in motion, more particularly a steamer, are
as a rule both found to differ from the true direction and
velocity. In order, therefore, to find the true direction
and velocity of the wind, we must either observe the effect
of the latter on the surface of the sea, or determine its
direction and velocity as felt on board, and then, the
direction and rate of the vessel having been observed, compute
the true result.
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