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Forsøg til Bestemmelse af Havvandets
Fordunstning.
Experiments undertaken to determine
the Evaporation of Sea-water.
Yetl Siden af de ovenfor beskrevne meteorologiske
Iagttagelser paii Nordhavs-Expeditionen anstillede jeg de i
det Følgende beskrevne Forsøg til Bestemmelse af
Havvandets Fordunstning. Da Resultatet af disse Forsøg ikke
viste sig at svare til de Forventninger, jeg havde næret,
har jeg været i Tvivl om. hvorvidt det var værdt at
offentliggjøre den følgende Beskrivelse. Denne Tvivl har jeg
imidlertid ladet fare for den Betragtning, at Beskrivelsen
af Apparaterne og deres Anvendelse muligens kunde tjene
til Vejledning for fremtidige Forskere, der havde
Anledning til, med forbedrede Apparater og under gunstigere
Forhold, at yde nye Bidrag til Oplysning om en
Naturproces, som det for Meteorologien altid maa være af den
største Interesse at lære at kjende nøjere. Og hvorvel det
ikke har lyktes mig at finde Overensstemmelse mellem de
for Tiden gjældende Formler for Fordunstningen og
Resultaterne af mine daglige Maalinger, turde dog enkelte af
disse indeholde nogle Vink til Belysning af
Fordunstnings-processen paa Havet.
Fordunstningsmaaleren var construeret efter min egen
Tegning, efter Flydevægtens Princip. Fig. 12 viser det
Apparat, jeg brugte i 1876, og Fig. 13 det, jeg brugte i
1877 og i 1878, begge i 1/5 af den sande Størrelse. I Fig.
12 er b en Bøje, der bærer en Stet c. der igjen bærer
Fordunstningsskaalen a. Denne Skaal har cylindrisk Væg
og en svagt conisk Bund. Fordunstningsskaalens frie
Overflade er 225 Kvadratcentimeter, samme Størrelse som
Regnmaalerens. Bøjen b har i sin nedre Ende en Bly
ballast. Den flyder i Søvand, hvormed det store cylindriske
Apart from the meteorological observations taken on the
North-Atlantic Expedition, and set forth in the foregoing
pages of this Memoir, I made experiments — described in the
sequel — to determine the evaporation of sea-water.
Meanwhile, the result of these experiments not having answered
to expectation, I felt some doubt at first as regards the
propriety of publishing the following account. This doubt,
however, has given way to the justifiable consideration,
that a detailed description of the apparatus and the mode
of using them, may possibly prove of value to future
observers, who, provided with improved apparatus and under
more favourable circumstances, would have opportunity of
contributing new data towards the elucidation of a natural
process with i-egard to which the meteorologist must always
feel the greatest interest in gaining a more intimate
acquaintance. And though I have not succeeded in showing
agreement between the formulae for evaporation at present
accepted and the results of my daily measurements, some
few of the latter may perchance prove suggestive in throwing
further light on the process of evaporation at the surface
of the ocean.
The atmorrwter was constructed after my own design,
on the same principle as the hydrometer. Fig. 12
represents the apparatus used in 1876, and Fig. 13 that used
in 1877 and in 1878, both on a scale one-fifth of the
actual size. In Fig. 12, b is a buoy bearing a stem c,
which in turn supports the evaporating dish a. This vessel
has cylindrical walls and a slightly conical bottom. The
free surface of the evaporating dish measures 225. square
centimetres, the same as that of the rain-gauge. The buoy
b is ballasted at its lower end with lead. It floats in sea-
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