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Temperaturr (diker. Disse udførtes i Regelen saaledes:
Rorloddet hexedes i Lodlinen, og lige ovenfor Loddet
fastgjordes et Dybvandstherniometer, ganske som ved Lodning.
Indhivningsniaskinen udfiredes 100 Favne, og et
Thermometer No. 2 gjordes fast i Lodlinen fra Loddebroen.
Atter udfiredes det andet 100 Favne og Thermometer No. 3
paasattes Linen. Paa denne Maade anbragtes 5 ;i 6
Thermo-metre paa Lilien med 100 Favnes Afstand og sænkedes
ved Udfiring fra Indhivningsmaskinen til de Dybder, i
hvilke man vilde maale Temperaturen. Naar alle
Tlier-mometre havde faaet Tid til at accomodere sig, haledes
Linen ind med Maskinen. Der stoppedes saa lang Tid,
som var nødvendig for at løse Thermometrene fra Linen,
efterhvert som de kom op. Der lagdes megen Vind paa
jevne Bevægelser under disse Operationer, for ikke at
udsætte Indexthermometrene for pludselige Ryk eller Stød. I
boj Søgang maatte der benyttes megen Forsigtighed ved
Tliermometrenes Aftagning af Linen. Fartøjet laa i
Regelen, som ved Lodning, med Stevnen mod Søen; men
man kunde ikke altid holde Lodlinen saaledes, at den
kunde naaes med Haanden fra Loddebroen. Linen maatte
da bringes ind til Broen ved Hjelp af en Baadshage. der
maatte gribe Linen under Thermometret for ikke at komme
til at berøre dette.
TemperatuiTækkerne udførtes kun meget faa Gange
ved at lade Linen løbe ud fra Rullen, da dens Standsning let
medførte Ryk, som ialfald Indexthermometrene ikke maa
udsættes for.
Temperaturrækker paa Dybder mindre end 50 Favne
udfortes ofte med Haandlod og Haandline, der havde
Merker for hver 5 eller 10 Favne.
Temperaturrækkerne toges i Almindelighed strax efter
et Lodskud. Flere Gange blev der dog efter Lodskuddet
arbejdet med Skrabe eller Trawl, naar saadant faldt
belejligere, og Temperaturrækken toges da, efterat disse
Arbejder vare færdige. Paa denne Maade er det gaaet til,
at Temperaturrækkens paaværende Plads (og
Overfladetemperaturen) undertiden er lidt forskjellig fra Lodskuddets.
I de dybere Lag, under 600 Favne, toges sjelden
Temperaturrækker, da Vandets Temperatur her kun
varierede fra o° til — i°.7. (Side 34 og 35).
I 187G var Lodlinen inddelt i norske Favne. Deraf
kommer det. at Temperaturrækkerne for dette Aar, da
Temperaturen maaltes i hele Tiere og Hundreder af
norske Favne, udvise tilsvarende større Tal for Dybderne.
Den norske Favn er nemlig 3 Procent større end den
engelske. hvilket Maal overalt er benyttet i denne Afhandling.
I den følgende Tabel finder man i den
lste Rubrik (No) Lodskuddets Løbenummer: de samme
som i Capt. Willes Afhandling Side 30—33.
2den Rubrik (D). Lodskuddets Datum og Klokkeslet.
3die Rubrik (</ ’/. vi) først Lodskuddets nordlige Bredde,
derunder dets Længde fra Greenwich (E eller
AV ), og derunder Dybderne i Meter, svarende
til Favne-Tallene i 4de Rubrik.
Serial Temperatures. — The mode of operation was
generally as follows: After shackling the tube-lead to the
sounding-line, we attached, just above the weight, a
deep-sea thermometer, precisely as for ordinary soundings. Then.
100 fathoms of line were veered out with the donkey-engine,
and Thermometer No. 2 made fast from the
sounding-bridge to the line, after which we veered the next 100
fathoms, and attached Thermometer No. 3 to the line.
In this manner as many as 5 or 6 thermometers were
made fast to the sounding-line at intervals of 100 fathoms
and sent down to register the temperature in the desired
depths. So soon as all the thermometers had had time to take
the temperature of the surrounding water, we hauled in
with the donkey-engine, stopping as each of the
thermometers came up to detach it from the line. Very great
importance was attached to uniformity of motion pending
these operations, so as not to expose the
index-thermometers to any sudden jerk or shock. In a heavy sea. we
had to be specially careful in taking the thermometers off
the line. The ship generally lay head to sea, as she did
during the descent of the lead; nevertheless, we sometimes
found it impossible to keep the line within reach from the
sounding-bridge, in which case it was got in with a
boat-hook, care being taken to hook the line belo i r the
thermometer. and thus avoid coming in contact with the latter.
Only a few serial temperatures were taken by letting
the line run out of itself, the necessary stoppages in that
case easily occasioning jerks, to which the
index-thermonie-ters, at least, must not be exposed.
At depths of less than 50 fathoms, serial
temperatures were frequently taken with the hand-lead, the line
being graduated into fives or tens of fathoms.
As a rule, we took our serial temperatures immediately
after sounding. On several occasions, however, the dredge
or trawl was worked in preference, the serial temperatures
being in that case deferred till we had terminated those
operations. This accounts for the position in which
certain of the serial temperatures (and the surface-temperature)
were taken differing slightly from that of the soundings.
At depths exceeding 600 fathoms we seldom took
serial temperatures, the temperature in the deeper strata
varying only from o° to — i°.7 (p. 34 and 35).
In 1876. the sounding-line was divided into Norwegian
fathoms. This accounts for the serial temperatures taken
that year, since the temperature was measured at whole
tens and hundreds of Norwegian fathoms, showing relatively
higher figures for the depths. The Norwegian fathom is
namely 3 per cent longer than the English — the measure
to be everywhere understood throughout this Memoir.
In the following Table will be found: —
Column 1 (No). Number of Sounding; the same as in
Capt. Wille’s Memoir, p. 30—33.
Column 2 (D). Date of Sounding and Hour.
Column 3 (</ ’h in). First: North Latitude of Sounding;
underneath its Longitude from Greenwich (E or
W); and then the Depths in Metres,
corresponding to the Fathom-Numbers in Column 4.
0*
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