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Tversnit XXIX. Pl. XIV. gaar langs Meridianen
100 E. f. Greenwich fra <>4" (Fosen) til 80° (Spidsbergen)
N. Br. Det overskja?rer forst de norske Kystbanker
udenfor Helgeland, dernæst Vesteraalseggen. Lofotdybet, den
østlige Del af Tverryggen og tilsidst Banken udenfor
Spids-bergens Vestkyst. Paa Nordlandsbanken er Temperaturen
meget jevn. Paa Vesteraalseggen komme Kuldegraderne
højt op og trænge Varm egradsisoth erm erne sammen. Alle
Isothermer samke sig mod Dybet udenfor Eggen. Under 72°
løfter Isothermen for 1° sig ivejret. I begge Dyb
söndenfor og nordenfor Tverryggen komme minimale
Temperaturer paa — 1°.3 og— 1°.4 tilsyne. Idet Snittet kommer
ind paa Spidsbergbanken, viser det saavel den højere
Temperatur ved dennes ydre Skraaning som den låve
Temperatur, der udgaar fra Landet og breder sig derfra ud
over Banken.
Tversnit XXX gaar langs Meridianen 10° AV. f.
Greenwich fra «50° til 7f>° N. Br. Det overskærer
Færø-Island-Ryggen, Jan Mayen Renden. Vestfoden af Jan Mayen
og Grønlandshavet. Paa Lsland-Færø-Ryggen sees
Overgangen fra den atlantiske til den nordiske
Temperaturfordeling. Her ligge de varmeste Vandlag under Overfladen.
T Jan Maven-Renden sees det koldeste Vand at kaste sig
over paa Sydsiden. Under Jan Maven er det merkelig
varmere paa Sydsiden end paa Nordsiden.
Tversnit XXXI. Pl. XIV. gaar fra Nordkysten af
Island langs Meridianen 18’Grads vestlig Længde. Det
og det følgende Snit er construeret efter de Danske
Observationer med "Fylla" i 1878. Under Land er det
varmest i Overfladen, men ved Bunden ligger Maximum af
Varme ude paa Banken. Mod Nord findes den
grønlandske Polarstrøms iskolde Vand fra Overfladen til Bunden.
Tversnit XXXII gaar fra Islands Nordkyst langs
Meridianen 221. Grad W til Grønland. Maximum af
Temperatur ligger under Tsland. saaledes at Overfladen har
lavere Temperatur end Bunden. Ved denne ligge
Isother-merne for 0° til 5° overordentlig tæt sammen. Den største
Del af Danmarkstrædet er her fyldt af iskoldt Vand.
4. Temperaturens horizontale Fordeling.
For at vise Temperaturens Fordeling i horizontal
Retning har jeg construeret IKarterne Pl. XVI til XXV.
Paa Pl. XVI sees Havoverfladens aarlige
Middeltem-temperatur fremstillet ved Hjelp af Isothermer for hver
enkelt Grad Celsius.
Om Kartets Construction skal nedenfor gives nærmere
Forklaring.
in which the temperature does not fall below — 1". 17.
Between (>G° and (lit", the bottom-temperature is lower than
— 1°.3. Between 73° and 76°, the deeper strata, under
1000 fathoms, exhibit throughout a minimum-temperature
of - 1°.6.
Section XXIX, Pl. XIV, extends along the meridian
10° east of Greenwich, from lat. <>4° (Fosen) to lat. 80°
(Spitsbergen) N. It passes first across the Norwegian
coastal banks, off Helgeland, then across tin- Vesteraalseg.
the Lofoten Deep, the eastern part of the Trail verse Ridge,
and finally the bank ott’ the west coast of Spitsbergen.
On the Nordland Bank, the temperature is remarkably
equable. On the Vesteraalseg, the frigid temperature rises
highest, crowding together the isotherms for degrees
above 0°. All isotherms sink towards the deep off the
edge of the bank. At 72°. the isotherm for — 1° curves
upwards. In both Deeps, south and north of the
Transverse Ridge, occur minimal-temperatures of 1°.3 and
— 1°.4. Where the section intersects the Spitsbergen Bank,
it exhibits alike the higher temperature, on the outer slope,
and the lower temperature, derived from the land,
spreading from thence over the bank.
Section XXX extends along the meridian 10° west
of Greenwich, from lat. 60° to 75° X. Tt crosses the
Færoe-Iceland Ridge, the Jan-Mayen Channel, the western
base of Jan Maven, and the Greenland Sea. ()n the
Icelaud-Færoe Ridge is seen the transition from the Atlantic
to the North Ocean distribution of temperature. Here,
the warmest strata of water lies beneath the surface. In
the Jan-Mayen Channel, the coldest water keeps to the
south side. Off the coast of Jan Mayen, the water is
appreciably warmer on the south than on the north side.
Section XXXI, Pl. XIV, extends from the north
coast of Iceland along the meridian 18’/su W. This
and’ the following section have been constructed from
the observations taken on the Danish Expedition with
the "Fylla," in 1878. Close inshore the highest
temperature is found at the surface; but at the bottom
the maximum occurs on the bank. Towards the north,
the ice-cold water of the Greenland Polar current extends
from the surface to the bottom.
Section XXXII passes from the north coast of
Iceland, along the meridian 22’ _.0 W. to Greenland.
The highest temperature is found on the coast of Iceland;
and the surface has here a lower temperature than the
bottom. Along the latter, the isotherms for 0° to fl0 lie
very close together. The greater part of Denmark Strait
is here filled with ice-cold water.
4. Horizontal Distribution of Temperature.
To show the distribution of thetemperature
horizontally, I have constructed the maps in Pis. XVI to XXV.
Pl. XVI shows the mean temperature for the year,
represented by means of isotherms for each degree Celsius.
The construction of the Map will be explained more
fully further on.
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