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97
nedover mod Dybet. Dette vises blandt andet af følgende
Observationsrækker fra Svolvær i Lofoten, tagne i den sidste
Uge af Januar 1878 ved Opsynschefen, Capt. Juel’s
Foranstaltning. Stationerne I til IV følge efter hverandre fra
Land af udover Søen.
ward. This appears, inter alia, from the following series
of observations, taken at Svolvær in Lofoten during tie
last week of January 1878, by order ot Capt. Juel, G-ovnt.
Inspector of the Lofoten cod-fishery. Stations I to IV
follow in succession from the land, seaward.
Station I II III IV Station
Bundens Dybde i Favne 5 10 25 70 Depth of Bottom in Fathoms
Temperatur i o Favnes Dyb I°.4 2°.2 2°7 2".7 Temperature at Depth ol’ o Fathoms
IO ’ ’’ 2 .5 3 .9 3-0 10
35 3-8 3-5 25
35 4 .5 35
40 5 -4 40
45 6 .1 45
50 6.4 SO
6o 6.7 60
70 6.7 70
Isothermobatherne ligge, i et Verticalsnit, paa skraa,
og Normalen paa dem, trukket fra højere til lavere
Temperaturer, peger opad og mod Land. Da Luftens
Temperatur paa denne Aarstid er lavere end Havoverfladens og
lavere over Land end over Havet, henvises vi til Kulden
over Landet som Aarsag til Temperaturens ejendommelige
Fordeling i Havet under Kysten 0111 Vinteren.
At denne Afkjøling fra oven væsentlig foregaar ved
Ledning og ikke ved nedgaaende Strømninger af afkjolet
Vand. sees af følgende Exempel. Expeditioncns Chemiker,
Hr. Svendsen, observerede i Juni 1876 ved Husø 1,
Mundingen af Sognefjorden, en specifisk Vægtved J^,,.’ i
Overfladen lig 1.02465, i 11 Favnes Dyb lig 1.02492. Sættes
Overfladens Temperatur i Marts til 4°.5, og antages den,
efter Observationerne fra Svolvær, at voxe med 0°.3 til 10
Favnes Dyb, faar man for Marts, den koldeste Maaned, i
Overfladen en specifisk Vægt af 1.02567, i 11 Favnes Dvb
af 1.02590. Den større Saltholdighed i Dybet bevirker
altsaa, at Overfladens ferskere Vand, selv med dets lavere
Vintertemperatur, ikke faar nogen Tendents til at synke.
Snil. S. 89.
Efter de foreliggende Iagttagelser er den aarlige
Variation af Havets Temperatur størst i Overfladen, aftager
stadigt med Dybden og forsvinder i 100 Favnes Dyb eller
lidt dybere.
The isotherniobaths lie. in a vertical section, obliquely,
and their normal, drawn from higher to lower temperatures,
points upward, and towards land. The temperature of the
air at that season of the year being lower than the
temperature of the sea-surface, and lower over the land than over
the sea, we must obviously seek in the cold over the land
for the cause of so remarkable a distribution of the sea’s
temperature on the coast during winter.
That such cooling from above is principally brought
about by conduction, and not by descending currents of cooled
water, may be seen from the following observation. Mr.
Svendsen, chemist to the Expedition, found in June 1876, at Husø,1
off the 111011th of the Sognefjord, a specific gravity, reduced
to equal at the surface of the sea to 1.02465, at a
depth of 11 fathoms to 1.02492. Now, putting the
surface-temperature in March at 4°.5, and assuming it, from the
observations taken at Svolvær, to increase 0°.3 down to a
depth of 10 fathoms, we shall get for March, the coldest
month, at the surface a specific gravity of 1.02567, at a
depth of 11 fathoms of 1.02590. The greater proportion
of salt in the deep is attended therefore with the effect,
that the comparatively fresh water of the surface, even
with its lower winter-temperature, has 110 tendency to sink
(See p. 89).
From the observations given above, it follows that
the annual range of the sea’s temperature is greatest at
the surface, diminishing steadily with the depth, and ceasing
altogether at a depth of 100 fathoms, or a trifle deeper.
8. Temperaturens aarlige Variation i Havets Overflade.
For at studere Temperaturens Variation i Havets
Overflade har jeg udarbejdet nye Karter over samme for
Maanederne August og Marts. Jeg har valgt disse Maa-
1 Tornøe, Chemi. III, S. 59. No. 14—10.
Doli norsko Nordhavsexpedition. H. Mohn: Nordhavets Dybder, ’1
8. Annual Variation of Temperature at the Surface
of the Sea.
With a view to study the variation of temperature
at the surface of the sea, I have constructed new maps for
the months of August and March. These months I selected,
1 Tornøe, Chemistry, III, p. 59. No. 14—19.
•fttur og Strømninger. 1 IS
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