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107
og hvis afkjølende Virkning efterhaanden forplanter sig ned
i Dybet. Saaledes bliver om Vinteren, navnlig vecl dens
Slutning, Kystvandets og Havets Temperatur stigende med
Dybden indtil 100 Favnes Dvb, sterkest i Fjordene og inde
vecl Kysten selv. Den højere Varme i Dybet reagerer
stadig mod denne Afkjøling ovenfra og modsætter sig, at
Vandet fryser paa Overfladen. Vi kunne saaledes, med de
høje Dybtemperaturer i vore Fjorde og paa vore Banker
i Minde, forstaa, hvorfor de norske Kyster og Fjorde holde
sig isfri. Fryse de til, sker det kun i de inderste
Fjordarme, hvor Dybden er mindre og Overfladen er lidet
saltholdig. paa Grund af der udmundende Elve. Naar Solen
om Vaaren faar mere Magt, opvarmes Kyst- og
Fjordvandets Overflade, og denne Opvarmning forplantes nedad.
I de øverste Lag aftager Temperaturen med Dybden,
medens den i de dybere endnu er uberørt af Vaarens
Virkning og voxer med Dybden. Mellem begge Lag er
der et Minimum af Temperatur." Dette synker, efterhaanden
som de øvre Lag opvarmes videre, dybere ned og naar paa
sine Steder om Sommeren helt ned til 100 Favnes Dvb.
Temperaturen aftager da stadigt med Dybden. Paa andre
Steder formaar Sommervarmen fra Overfladen ikke at
drive det saa dybt; det bliver staaende i en mindre Dybde
til Høsten. I denne Aarstid begynder Afkjølingen fra
Overfladen paanyt og forplanter sig nedover. Der danner sig
et Maximum af Temperatur under Overfladen, og dette
synker efterhaanden, til det om Vinteren naar det
uforanderlige Lag i 100 Favnes Dyb.
they derive in turn an accession of heat from the warmer
sea. This is the land-cold, that makes its way over the sea,
and the cooling effect of which becomes gradually
propagated to the deep. Thus it arrives, that in winter, more
especially during the latter part of that season, the
temperature of the coastal water and that of the sea is found
continually increasing witli the depth down to 100 fathoms,
most rapidly in the fjords and close to the shore itself.
The higher temperature in the deep reacts without
intermission against this cooling-process from above and prevents
the water at the surface from freezing. Hence, bearing in
mind the high temperatures in the depths of our fjords
and on our banks, we can easily understand how it is the
Norwegian coasts and fjords should keep free of ice. And
if they freeze, it is only the innermost anns of the fjords,
where the depth is less and the surface has a greater
proportion of fresh water by reason of the rivers that have
their outlet there. When the sun in spring acquires greater
power, the surface of the coast-water and that of the fjords
gets heated, and this heating process is propagated
downwards. In the uppermost strata, temperature diminishes
with depth, whereas in the deeper, it is still
unaffected by the influence of spring, and increases with the
depth. Between both strata lies a minimum of temperature.
This sinks by degrees, the more the upper layers become
heated, and reaches in summer, in some places, as far
down as 100 fathoms. The temperature then diminishes
steadily with the depth. In other places, the summer-heat
from above is insufficient to carry it to such a depth.
The minimum persists in minor depths till autumn. At this
season the cooling-process from the surface begins again,
and passes downwards. A maximum of temperature forms
beneath the surface; and this maximum sinks by degrees
till, in winter, it reaches the unvarying layer at a depth
of 100 fathoms.
i-l*
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