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188
er det at antage, at Strømhastighederne i 1500 Favnes Dyb
kun blive smaa.
I de Dybder, der overstige 1500 Favne, vil
Trykfordelingen være noget nær den samme som i dette Dyb.
Trykmaximum i Norskedybet giver Temperaturniaximum ved
Bunden (Pl. XXV) i Station No. 52 af —1°.17.
Det kolde Vand fra Jan Mayen Renden glider langs
Bunden henimod Trykminimum i U8°£Bredde. Trykmaximum
under 71° Bredde giver Temperaturmaximum paa Bunden
mellem Jan Mayen og Vesteraalen. En anticyclonisk
Bevægelse fra dette Trykmaximums Nordside, fortsat, ved
Reaction af den vestgaaende synkende varme Strøm fra den
norske Side. mod Syd henimod Trykminiinuni i (58° Bredde,
omcirkler, i Forbindelse med hin Strøm fra Jan Mayen
Renden, Temperaturens Maximum. Dette bliver paa alle
Sider omgivet af koldere Vand.
I Svenskedybet kommer, under Indflydelsen af
Trykkets Minimum, Nordhavets koldeste Vand (—1°.7) frem
langs Bunden fra det endnu uudforskede nordvestre
Grønlandshav. Paa Spidsbergsiden er varmere Vand, med
nord-overgaaende, nedstigende Bevægelse mod Trykkets Maximum
i 77" Bredde.
Som Karterne Pl. XXV og PI. XXXV vise, svarer
der til højere Temperatur paa Havbunden en højere
Saltholdighed, til en lavere Temperatur en ringere
Saltholdighed. Det første er det atlantiske Vands, det sidste det
polare Vands Kjendemerke.
Vor Chemiker, Hr. Hercules Tornøe, har først1 gjort
opmerksom paa de to Maxima af Saltholdighed og dermed
sammenfaldende Minima af Luft- eller Kvælstofholdighed,
som findes paa Bunden i vort Nordhav. Hans Forklaring
af Fænomenet er, som vi se, bleven fuldkommen bekræftet
af mine Undersøgelser over Trykforholdene og
Strømningerne.
sea-bed. Hence, it may be assumed that the
current-velocities at a depth of 1500 fathoms are but trifling.
In depths exceeding 1500 fathoms, the distribution
of pressure will be much the same as at that depth. The
pressure-maximum in the Norway Deep gives a
temperature-maximum at the bottom (Pl. XXV), Station 52, of — 1°. 17.
The cold water from the Jan-Mayen Channel moves
along the bottom towards the pressure-minimum in lat.
68° N. The pressure-maximum in lat. 71° N occasions a
temperature-maximum at the bottom between Jan Mayen
and Vesteraalen. An anticyclonie motion from the north
side of this pressure-maximum — passing on, by the reaction
of the warm descending current flowing westward from the
Norwegian side, towards the south, in the direction of the
pressure-minimum lat. 68° N — encircles, in conjunction with
the current from the Jan-Mayen Channel, the maximum of
temperature. The latter is surrounded on all sides by
colder water.
In the Swedish Deep, the coldest water of the
North-Ocean (—1°.7) makes its way along the bottom,
under the influence of the minimum of pressure, from the
still unexplored tracts of the north-western region of the
Greenland Sea. On the Spitzbergen side there is warmer
water, with a descending motion setting northward, towards
the maximum of pressure in lat. 77° N’.
As shown by the maps Pl. XXV and Pl. XXXV,
to a higher temperature on the sea-bed corresponds a. greater
proportion of salt, to a lower temperature a less amount of
salt. The former is the characteristic of the Atlantic water,
the latter that of the Polar water.
Mr. Hercules Tornøe, Chemist to our Expedition,
was the first1 to point out the two maxima of salinity,
along with the minima of air- (or nitrogen) content
occurring at the bottom of the North Ocean. His explanation of
the phenomenon has been thoroughly borne out by my
investigations on the pressure and the currents.
12. Almindelig Oversigt over Nordhavets Strømninger.
Vandet i vort Nordhav hidrører fra to forskjellige
Kilder, fra Atlanterhavet og fra det indre arctiske
Polarhav. Drevet af de herskende Vinde paa Sydsiden og
Østsiden af det islandsk-grønlandske Lufttryksminimum bevæger
Nordatlanterhavets øvre Vandlag sig henimod de britiske
Øer, Færøerne og Island. I Dybet møder det de Rygge,
som forbinde disse Øer, og nødes til at bevæge sig i en
Bue langs Ryggenes Vestside og Islands Syd- og Vestside.
I de øvre Lag føres Vandet over Bankerne og Ryggene
mellem Skotland og Færøerne directe, og over Islands
Banker langs denne Øes Sydside, Vestside, Nordside og
Østside ad Omvej ind i det norske Hav. Her breder det
1 l)on norske Nordhavs-Expedition. H. Tornøe. Chemi.
S. (>!)- 74.
12. General Description of the Currents in the North Ocean.
The water in the North Ocean has its origin from
two distinct sources, viz., the Atlantic and the inner part
of the Arctic Polar Sea. Driven by the prevailing winds
on the south and east sides of the Icelandic-Greenland
minimum of atmospheric pressure, the upper strata of the
North Atlantic move in the direction of the British Islands,
the Færoes, and Iceland. In the deep, they meet the ridges
that connect those islands, and are compelled to proceed
in a curve along the west side of the ridges and the south
and west sides of Iceland. Throughout the upper strata,
the water is carried direct across the banks and the ridges
between Scotland and the Færoes, and over the banks
1 The Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition. H. Tornøe.
Chemistry, p. (i!)—74.
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