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45
der fæster sig paa Basis af hver Analtand. Disse
Længdemuskler ere fæstede dels til selve Corium, dels til
Tver-musklerne ved en Mængde Bindevævstraade. hvoraf der
udgaar mindst en fra hver Tvermuskel. Saavel
Længde-som Tvenuusklerne ere beklædte af et Peritoneum, der er
yderst tyndt og gjennemsigtigt, og dannes af en hyalin
Grundmasse, hvori tindes en Mængde Bindevævsfihre, spredte
Muskelfibre og runde Kalklegemer. Tab. VIII. Fig. 18;
dets frie Flade har et flimrende Epithelovertræk.
Hvor Huden paa Mundskiven danner de tidligere
omtalte rørformige Forlængelser, er den meget tynd. halv
gjennemsigtig, og i den egentlige Hud findes
Bindevævsfihre og yderst sparsomt runde Kalklegemer, fuldkommen
lig dem. som findes i Peritoneum; dette overtrækker
Korenes indre Flade, saa at ogsaa her iagttages det samme
Epithel, som i Kropshulheden.
De Kalklegemer, som giver Huden sin Fasthed og
Støtte. findes som sædvanligt i det- ydre Lag af Corium,
Tab. VIII. Fig. 19, t’. De have en forskjellig Form,
eftersom de indtage Legemets Midte, eller dets Ender, og
fremstille sig egentlig under 2 Hovedformer, nemlig de smaa,
dels elliptiske, dels runde Legemer, og de store, mere
sammensatte Legemer, hvis Grundform er trearm et.
De elliptiske Legemer have en smuk vinrod Farve,
ere fra 0.045- 0.089™" lange, fra 0.03(5—0.071""" brede;
de bestaa af en næsten rund, temmelig morkerød Kjerne,
en lysere rod peripherisk Del, og have megen Lighed med
en virkelig Veile med dennes Kjerne og K jernelegeme. Tab.
VIII. Fig. 16. </, a. Ved meget stærk Forstørrelse viser
det sig. at de ere dannede af concentriske Lag.
De runde Kalklegenier ere enten farvelose, eller de
have en yderst svag. dels brunlig, dels violet Farve. De
have eu Størrelse fra 0.026—0.088"". bestaa af flere og
færre Facetter og have et straalet Udseende, saa at man
tæller fra 3—10 Straaler, alt efter Facetternes Antal, Tab.
VIII, fig. 16, b. b. Af disse Kalklegenier. saavel de
elliptiske, som runde, findes der en- stor Mængde: de ligge
stundom tæt vçd Siden af hverandre, stundom ligge de
mere spredte imellem de store Kalkplader, som nu skulle
beskrives, aldrig ligge de pakkede op paa hverandre.
De store Kalklegemer have en forskjellig Form, alt
eftersom de findes paa Midten af Legemet, eller i dettes
begge Ender: men alle have den trearinede Grundtype,
Tab. MII, Fig. 30—34. De Kalklegemer, der findes paa
den storste Del af Legemet, bestaa, naar de ere fuldt
udviklede. af en gjennembvudt Plade. Fig. 27, 31. og af et
fra denne udgaaende Skaft eller Krone, Fig. 30. Pladen
dannes af et Centrum, hvorfra udgaar 3 Arme: hver Arm
deler sig et kortere eller hengere Stykke fra Centrum i 2,
Fig. 25, a. hvoraf liver (-iren. ’idet den voxer, boier sig
indad og støder til en tilsvarende Gren fra en anden Arni, •
hvorved fremkommer et* Hul. Fig. 24. Enhver Plade he-
paratively thin tendon, which is attached to the base of
each anal denticle. These longitudinal muscles are webbed
partly to the corium and partly to the transverse muscles by a
number of filaments of connective tissue, one, at least,
proceeding from each transverse muscle. The longitudinal and
the transverse muscles are both invested with a peritoneal
membrane, exceedingly thin and translucent, which consists
chiefly of a hyaline substance, strengthened by a number
of fibres of connective tissue, isolated muscular fibres, and
round calcareous corpuscles. Pl. VIII, fig. 18; its free
surface has a covering of ciliated epithelium.
The integument on the oral disk, where it forms the
tubular prolations described above, is exceedingly thin and
semi-translucent; and in the corium are seen fibres of
connective tissue and a very limited number of round calcareous
corpuscles, perfectly similar to those in the peritoneum;
the latter extends over the inner surface of the tubes, and
here too, accordingly, is observed the same epithelium as
in the perivisceral cavity.
The calcareous spicules that serve to give strength
and firmness to the integument are, as is commonly the
case, dispersed throughout the outer layer of the corium,
PI. VlLi, fig. 19, c. They vary in form and size,
according as they occur in the middle of the body or at the
extremities; the small spicules are some elliptic and some
round; the large ones, more complex in structure, are
mostly tritid.
The elliptic spicules, of a beautiful vinous red, are
from 0.045"" to 0.089"" long and from 0.036"" to 0.071 ""
broad; they consist of an almost circular, dark-red nucleus,
a light-red peripheral portion, and bear considerable
resemblance to a true cell, with its nucleus and nucleolus, PI.
VIII. fig. 16, a. a. When liighly magnified, they are seen
to l)e built up of concentric layers.
The round spicules are either colourless or have a
faint tinge, some of brown and some of violet. They
measure in diameter from 0.026 "w to 0.088"", have a greater
or less number of facets, and present a radiate appearance,
the number of rays, from 3 to 10, varying with that of
the facets. Pl. VIII. fig. 16. b, b. These calcareous
spicules, both the elliptic and the circular, are exceedingly
numerous; in some places they lie close together, in others,
between the large calcareous lamina’, which we shall next
describe, they are more dispersed; they never lie packed
one above the other.
The large spicules vary in form, according as they
occur in the middle or at the extremities ol’ the body ; they
are all of them however of the fundamental trifid type,
Pl. VIII. fig. 30—34. On the greater part of the body
the calcareous spicules,’ when fully developed, consist of
a perforated lamina, fig. 27, 31, and of a shaft or corolla,
fig. 30. The lamina has a centre-piece, from which
proceed 3 arms; each arm divides diclkotomouslv at some
distance from the centre, fig. 25, a, and each offshoot,
during the progress of its growth, bends gradually over to meet
a corresponding offshoot from another arm, thus forming
an orifice, fig. 24. Each lamina has therefore 3 elliptic-
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