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here to give a considerable contribution towards the maintenance
of human life. It is to the moraine gravel of the sides of the
valleys, and the alluvial deposits of the bottom, that the population
of our vallevs is confined, in the east country we often find the
farms following them in two separate rows. It is the loose schists
in particular, that make the larger valley-parishes, such as
Gudbrandsdalen and Valdres; and it is the moraine tracts of the
Silurian country that present the largest continuous area of
inhabited inland country, round Mjøsen and Randsfjord (See map).
But all this is little to support a population upon. It is only on
coming down to the marine step, to the loose masses deposited
under the sea in the last glacial period, the terraced country at
the mouth of the valleys, and the ancient shore-line belt along
the sides of the fjord and in the sounds of the skjærgaard — it
is only then that cultivable land appears in any considerable extent.
Here too lives the mass of the population. It has been estimated
that half of mountainous Norway lies more than 1600 feet above
the sea, ⅛ even above 3200 feet and rather less below 500 feet.
But in this latter eighth lives about ⅔ of the population, the
average of the inhabited country scarcely coming much over 500
feet. The largest part of the Highland — ¾ of the country —
and of the Woodland — perhaps ⅗ — is exceedingly thinly
populated. The Norwegians are essentially a littoral nation, in a
secondary degree, a valley-dwelling people.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Jens Kraft. Topographisk-Statistisk Beskrivelse over Kongeriget Norge. Kristiania.
1820—35.
Gæa Norvegica, hg. v. B. M. Keilhau. Kristiania. 1833.
O. J. Broch, Le royaume de Norvége et le peuple norvégien. Kristiania. 1878.
Norges Land og Folk, topografisk-statistisk beskrevet. (In course of publication,
Kristiania. 1884 ff. [[** avsl. ) mgl.]]
Den norske Turistforenings Aarbog. Kristiania. 1869 ff. (yearly).
Yngvar Nielsen, Rejsehaandbog over Norge. 9 opl. Kristiania. 1899.
Norge. Dybde- og Høideforhold. Kristiania. 1900. Published by the Government
Survey Office.
This institution has, in addition to general maps, coast maps, etc. published the
following series of maps:
Topografiske Karter, to the scale of . . . 1 ∶ 100 000
Amtskarter............ 1 ∶ 200 000
Generalkarter ............1 ∶ 400 000
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