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crossing has had so strong an influence on the population, that it
can only be characterised as fair with gray eyes; and the stature,
especially on the coast farther north (Møre), is very considerable.
On the whole, the Norwegians principally bear the impress of
the fair long-skulled Aryan type, which must be supposed to have
taken a comparatively larger share in the composition of the people
than in other countries, perhaps three fourths.
The Lapps, who are generally called Finns in Norway, are a
brachycephalic race, which, however, is very clearly distinguished
anthropologically from the short-skulled type found among the true
Norwegians. The cranium is lower, more rounded, and with weak
muscular attachments. Cephalic index about 85, in life 88
(according to Mantegazza and Sommier). The face is very broad
across the cheek-bones, but tapers off to a weak chin. The nose
is flat, with a broad base, and the mouth is large. The skin,
except in children, is rather dark. The hair is generally chestnut
brown, but quite as often fair as dark. The growth of hair on
the face is weak, generally confined to the upper lip and a little
on the chin. The eyes are quite as often light as dark,
are deep-set, sometimes obliquely placed under heavy, often
inflamed eyelids.
Their stature is very small, perhaps not averaging more than
5 feet in men of pure Lapp race. Mantegazza and Sommier found
among 58 men a height of 152 cm., among 22 women, 145 cm.
It is true that the average height of 112 «Finns», who were examined
the year after the introduction of compulsory enlistment in the
three northern provinces, was 162.5 cm.; but many of these cannot
have been of pure Lapp blood; and the very way in which the
heights appear to be distributed indicates a Finnish type with a
height of 157 cm., and perhaps this number, too, increased by
crossing. Even if these recruiting measurements only gave 23 %
below the standard, it would be reasonable to suppose that the
typical mean height of the true Lapps is quite below the minimum
for Norwegian recruits, viz. 158 cm. The frame, moreover, is
slender, with round chest, and slight muscular development. They
are generally bow-legged, with short, broad feet and a waddling gait.
How far, too, the fairness is due to the long-continued
crossing with Scandinavians, it is difficult to determine; but the
shorter-skulled half of Mantegazza’s Lapps were, if anything, fairer than
the less short-skulled. In any case, however, the Lapps form a
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