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The Department for Ecclesiastical Matters and Public
Instruction is the highest school authority in the country. Next come
the School Directors, one for each of the 6 dioceses, for the
superintendence of the primary schools. Bishop and dean take part, in
the superintendence, and the priest in supervising the instruction
in religions knowledge.
In the country, every municipality is divided into school
districts. In 1895, the number of these was 5923. Each school
district has its primary school, with at least 2 classes, one for
children from 7 to 10 years of age (infant school), and one for
children from 10 to 14. In consideration of the distances, the
districts in many places are again divided into several
infant-school districts. The compulsory number of school-hours amounts
to 12 weeks per annum, and can be increased to 15 weeks. Six
weeks’ voluntary instruction may further be added to this. Every
school-week amounts, in the infant school to 30, and in the upper
school to 36 lessons. Thus in the infant school, each child has
at least 360 lessons per annum, and the number may be increased
to 450 or 630; and in the upper school each child receives at least
432 lessons annually, and the number may be increased to 540 or
756. In exceptional cases, both schools may be taught together.
In the towns the primary school is divided into three divisions,
intended respectively for children between 7 and 10, 10 and 12,
and 12 and 14. Each of these divisions may again be divided
into several classes. The primary schools in the towns are, as a
rule, divided into seven progressive classes, which yet again, when
necessary, are divided into parallel classes. Instruction has to be
given daily for a number of hours amounting to from 18 to 24
a week. Voluntary instruction may be added to this in the two
upper divisions. The total number of hours, however, must not
exceed 30 per week. The school year, after the subtraction of the
holidays, is intended to number 40 weeks.
Both in the country and in the towns, whatever voluntary
instruction is given must be imparted out of the school’s legally
ordained time for instruction, so that the latter does not thereby
suffer. In the country, the subjects of instruction in the voluntary
lessons shall, as a rule, be the ordinary subjects of the primary
school and others closely allied to them. In the towns, instruction
in foreign languages may be included. Domestic economy is
becoming more and more frequently a subject in voluntary instruction.
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