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- Education, by J. V. Heiberg
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to such libraries. Out of this grant, various amounts up to
200 kr. are given to each municipality. In order to obtain the
government grant, an equal amount must be procured from local
sources. There are about 650 free libraries of from 100 to
10,000 volumes. In several towns there are municipal libraries,
among them being the Deichmann Library in Kristiania, numbering
about 50,000 volumes, and the Bergen Public Library, with about
80,000 volumes.
III. SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION.
At the beginning of the century, Norway had only 4 grammar
schools or classical schools (lærde skoler, latinskoler), in which
higher education was given. By degrees, others were erected,
some with «real» courses connected with them, as well as
middle-class and «real» schools (borger- og realskoler) [1]. The higher
public education was re-organised by an act of the 17th June,
1869. By the regulations then introduced, the so-called
«middelskole» became the school in which was combined instruction both
for those who desired a satisfactory general middle-class education,
terminating with the middelskole, and for those who wished to lay
the foundation for a continued higher education. The course was
6 years, for children from 9 to 15. The further education, which,
inter alia, prepared for the University, was given in «Gymnasia»,
in a 3 years’ course, intended for young people of ages from 15 to
18. Some of the gymnasia were classical gymnasia (latingymnasier)
where Latin and Greek were the principal subjects; some «real»
gymnasia (realgymnasier), where English, mathematics and natural
science occupied a prominent place. The act of 1869 has now been
succeeded by the school act of the 27th July, 1896.
The act of 1869 had aimed at a connection between the higher
school and the primary school, in such a way that the latter might
become a common school for all classes of children during the
three first years of their school-life (6—9). The primary school,
[1] In «real» schools, as distinct from «latin» schools, the elements of science,
modern languages, and commercial subjects were taught instead of Latin
and Greek.
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