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position for which he is best suited. The seamen are to be enrolled in
the navy; for the torpedo-defence, fishermen living close by are
employed, artisans as far as possible in their own department, the
mounted arms are recruited from the larger agricultural districts,
all students of medicine serve in the sanitary corps, the training
for officers is based upon that of the higher schools, and so forth.
The obligation to serve holds good from the age of 18 to 50,
The men are not enrolled, however, until the year in which
they complete their 22nd year, thus later than in most countries,
and they are on the army list for 16 years. The army is organised
in 3 independent successive bans, «opbud». The men serve first in
the line for 6 years, then in the landvern for 6 years, and then
for 4 years in the landstorm. The remainder of the age-classes
are in the unorganised landstorm reinforcements. The three opbuds
have the same number of parallel battalions, squadrons, etc., and
the line and landvern have the necessary army reserves within their
own age-classes. The line only, according to the fundamental law,
can be employed outside the country.
This arrangement, peculiar to Norway, of the three successive
opbuds of equal strength has been brought about by the position of
the country as an independent member in a union. If, in defence
of the united kingdoms, the line is operating in Sweden, it will
be necessary to have a field army of considerable strength to protect
Norway from a special attack, namely, the landvern. By
consistently carrying out the territorial system, the third opbud also
acquires the same conformation: the landstorm, which here, as
elsewhere, is mainly intended for local defence, but also to cover
the concentration of the troops belonging to the line and the
landvern by instantly occupying prepared points by a sudden
mobilisation.
When the organisation is completed by all the opbuds
attaining their year-classes (1902), both line and landvern troops will
be able to have the cadres for their depôt or reserve troops
established by the landstorm, chiefly by superannuated officers and
the school-companies. For the present the landvern cadres must
to some extent establish the depôts.
The military training of conscripts is carried on in accordance
with the militia system, not by a long barrack service, but by
exercise in camps out in the districts, repeated for a number of
summers. In the first year, a course of drill is gone through,
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