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beginning of the century, had been abandoned or become antiquated.
By recent votes, the works in this place have been brought into an
effective condition, suitable to the times. Since 1895, the entrance
to the Trondhjem Fjord at Agdenes, and to Bergen have been
fortified, and the fortress at Kristiansand begun. There are also batteries
and submarine defences at several of the towns on the Kristiania
Fjord, and a torpedo defence is prepared in several places in the
«skjærgaard», which is so excellently adapted for them. Far north,
at Vardø, there is an old fortification, Vardøhus, which is kept
up as a fortress. The old fortresses at Trondhjem and Bergen,
Akershus in Kristiania, Fredriksten and Kongsvinger, are also kept
up, but have no special garrison. For the defence on the landside
of the capital, which is by far the most important strategic point,
there are a few fieldworks, at various passages over the Glommen.
Arms and Equipment. The infantry line and landvern are armed
with a Norwegian rifle, the Krag-Jørgensen, a 6.5 mm. magazine
rifle for smokeless powder. Some of the rifles have been
manufactured abroad, but they are now made at the royal manufactory
of arms at Kongsberg. The ammunition is procured from the royal
cartridge and powder factory at Raufos, west of Lake Mjøsen. The
landstorm at present have a magazine rifle of an older Norwegian
pattern, the Jarmann, 10.15 mm. It is intended to supply the
infantry and cavalry with some Hotchkiss mitrailleuses which are
procured for one of the opbuds. The artillery field-batteries have
8.4 cm. De Bange guns, but new quick-firing 7.5 cm. guns are
being procured. The mountain batteries have 6.5 cm. light guns.
The coast artillery, of course, have guns of the most varied calibre
and construction, but the majority of them have been procured
within the last 5 years, and are very effective. The engineers,
sanitary corps and train have procured, in the main, new material
of late years, when, on the whole, great energy has been expended
on the development of the means of defence. As regards personal
equipment, it may be stated that the infantry are to have Icelandic
jerseys, sleeping-bags, and bags to carry on their backs, instead of
capes and knapsacks.
Horses for the line and some of the landvern are procured
by levying, from farms in the eastern and Trondhjem districts,
which are bound to keep an approved, trained horse on hire to the
state during exercising, for sale in time of war. A supplementary
arrangement for stationing horses belonging to the state is begun.
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