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peasant class to a great extent became tenants and leaseholders,
and less than one half of the land of the country was utilised
by freeholders.
In 1685, however, a Royal Ordinance was issued, by which
the right of the landowners to recover lease and rent for land
that was leased or farmed, was still more restricted than by the
previous attempts in the same direction, and in this ordinance it
was furthermore stipulated that every landowner who himself
utilised more than one estate, should pay double taxes on those
in excess of one. The advantage of owning land which one did
not personally use was hereby considerably reduced, and as a
consequence the farms were gradually sold to the peasants, a
process which is still going on to this very day, although the
ordinance was repealed in 1799. Out of the 120,000 farmers of the
country, hardly one-tenth are now tenants, farmholders or
leaseholders, while the remainder, that is to say about 109,000, are
freeholders.
Although the right of the owner to dispose of landed estate
is relatively free in Norway, provisions have been made by the
legislation for the purpose of keeping in the family such landed
estates as have once come into its possession. The most important
of these stipulations relate to the so-called Odelsret and Aasædesret.
The odelsret consists in the right of the family to redeem at
an appraised value landed property that has been sold. This
allodial right is acquired when the property has belonged for 20
consecutive years to the same owner, his wife, or issue in direct
line of descent. It is lost when the property has been in the
possession of strangers for three years.
The aasædesret is a right belonging to the nearest among the
issue of the last possessor to take over the landed property left
by him. If this comprises several estates,and [[** sic]] there are more than
one entitled to the succession, the next of kin can lay claim to
the chief estate, or such estate as he may prefer, while the others
are entitled to select in their turn. Anybody entitled to make
use of this aasædesret can demand that the estate shall be handed
over to him at such a price as the deceased has stipulated in his
will, but if no such will is in existence, the value has to be fixed
at a low appraisement. If the remaining assets of the estate are
not sufficient to satisfv the co-heirs and the creditors of the
deceased, the party who takes over an estate by virtue of the
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