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kr. 3,284,929. By deducting those expenses that have reference
to the forest management proper and should be covered by it,
namely expenses of administration and exploitation, the net yield
is kr. 4,308,306. The purchase-price for forests purchased, the
sale-price of farm-land re-sold, and interest are entered neither as
revenues nor expenses. The state commons, the state forests, and
those forests belonging to the Fund for the Advancement of
Education that are under effective control, are estimated at a value
of about kr. 15,250,000 without deduction for the value of the
privileges encumbering them, and with deduction for the privileges,
at about kr. 10,000,000. This estimate, however, in all probability
is too high. The value of the district-commons, without deduction
for privileges, is estimated at about kr. 9,275,000.
In several parts of the country, however, there is very slight
opportunity or none at all of obtaining a supply of forestry
products; and the population has therefore, from time immemorial,
been wont to use peat as fuel. This is especially the case on the
coast in the western and northern parts of the country. Of late
years it has also been attempted to make use of the inland bogs
for this purpose. Bogs are found almost everywhere in the country,
on the desolate table-lands, down the mountain-slopes to the bottom
of the valleys, in the inhabited districts inland, as well as on the
most distant islands in the western and northern parts of the
country. The bogs, properly so called, are sometimes «high-moors»
or moss lands, consisting chiefly of sphagnum with a bottom layer
of fuel peat, and sometimes grass bogs (tarn bogs) and forest
bogs, which are mostly found in the western part of the country
and northwards, and contain, among other decayed plant matter,
numerous remnants of the luxuriant forests of former times. The
fuel peat here occurs in thick strata, from 3 feet up to 20 feet.
The peat industry is even now of considerable importance for the
fuel supply of the country, and will in the future be of still
greater importance. The bogs of Norway are estimated to cover
an area of 4,630 sq. miles, or 3.7 % of the surface of the country.
This calculation, however, is perhaps too low, and other estimates
seem to be in favour of supposing a much larger area of bogs,
with such quantities of peat for industrial purposes as might
counterbalance the firing value of the collected coalimports [[** sic, intet bindestrek]] of the
country for centuries. The fuel peat may be taken out of the
bog with a spade in square pieces, which are then stacked and
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