Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - Means of Communication, by Bernh. Andersen, Andr. M. Hansen and J. T. Sommerschild
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Simultaneously with the great reform in road matters, by which
the principle of local government and local rating was adopted,
a more rational system of making roads was also resorted to.
This reform was introduced mainly by C. W. Bergh, who was
road-assistant in the Department of the Interior after 1852, and
the first road-director in the country, 1864—73. The first thing
required was to get more even levels with a maximum rise of 1 in
15 or less (rarely as much as 1 in 12). As it is of course
important to follow the ground as exactly as possible, these new
roads generally keep along the bottom of the valley by the river,
while the old, hilly road may often be seen far up the side of
the valley. In some places it is even possible to see three or
four roads of different times, as for instance, at Galderne in
Lærdal, where there is the old bridle-path of the middle ages, and
driving-roads of 1800, 1840 and 1878. More attention was
moreover paid to the paving of roads; in roads with heavy traffic,
macadam was employed, with layers of stone, in secondary roads,
gravel. In the large main roads, the breadth is up to 6 yards;
in the roads with less traffic, it is generally 4 yards, which is
reduced in difficult places to 2.7 yards, with places for passing.
In planning a road, the whole thing is adjusted, as regards
steepest gradient, paving, width, etc., to the probable amount
of traffic.
The traffic capabilities of the roads during this development
increased to an extraordinary degree. Whereas on the
bridlepaths, [[** sjk om bindestrek]] it was scarcely possible to convey more than 200 lbs. on a
pack-horse, and on the old hilly roads no greater load than from
500 to 1,100 lbs., on the new gravel roads, from 1,300 to 2,000 lbs.
can be carried, and on the main roads more than 2,200 lbs. per
horse. When the roads are in good condition for sledging, the
traffic is easier than on the best road-paving. In 1885, the cost
of the carriage of 1 ton over 1 mile was estimated at from kr.
1.13 to 2.25 on bridle-paths, kr. 0.80 on the old, hilly
driving-roads, about kr. 0.53 on the new roads, and on a first rate
macadamised road, only kr. 0.32.
Wheeled vehicles in the country were formerly almost
exclusively one-horsed and two-wheeled — for the conveyance of people,
stolkjærrer (2 persons) or karioler (1 person). With the new
roads, two-horsed, four-wheeled carriages have become very general
(about 70,000 four-wheeled carriages in 1895).
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