A short practical and easy method of learning the old Norsk tongue or Icelandic language / 6 (1869) Author: Rasmus Rask Table of Contents / Innehåll | << Previous | Next >>
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as: veð-rit, veð-r͗, al-r͗, set-r͗; such an r will always in
future be thus accented r͗. [[** drøft halvring kontra spiritus lenis-tegn (comma above):
http://runeberg.org/norvegia08/1/0083.html + 84
glidelyder, svake aspirater, stemmer vel med det islandske og trolig svak spiritus asper/lenis. **]]

30. The principal accent is constantly on the first syllable
of the word as: vēr-ald-ar-inn-ar; the secondary accent,
lies on the penultimate in words of three or four syllables as:
Upp-lend-íng-ar, vin-átta, svārāði, not on the last
syllable, except in composed words, ending in a monosyllabic:
konúngson. [[** dansk har: konúngss!on **]]


II.

Modification of Vowels.

The Modification of vowels plays an important part in the
declension and derivation of the Old Norsk Language. It is
of a double kind.

31. a) a into ö in the principle syllable of a word if it
ends in u, as: aska, ösku. Sometimes even if u is dropped
as: blað, Plural blöð, leaves. Jafn, jöfn. Reversed:

32. ö into a if the termination be a, as: ögn, agnar,
sometimes before ir or with shortened terminations in compounds
or derivations, as: agnir, jarðvegr͗, jarðneskr͗.

33. b) Before endings in i, j, or r, even if these letters
are left out:

a	into	e:	land, lendi — nafn, nefni;
ö	—	e:	gröf, gef — sök, sekr;
ja	—	i:	bjart, birti — djarft, dirfist;
jö	—	i:	hjörð, hirðir — björn, birni;
e	—	i:	regn, rignir — hverfi, hvirfill;
á	—	æ [[** = ae]]:	ráð, ræðr͗ — ná, næ;
au	—	ey:	raun, reyni — draup, dreypi;
o	—	y:	son, synir — of, yfir;
u	—	y:	guð, gyðja — full, fylli;
ú	—	ý:	hús, hýsi — prútt, prýði;
jó	—	ý:	bjóða, býðr͗ — hljóð, hlýði;
jú	—	ý:	fljúga, flýgr͗ — djúpt, dýpra;
ó	—	œ [[** = oe]] (æ) [[** = ae]]:	kló, klœr — bót, bœti.

o sometimes, although rarely into e, as:

hnot, hnetr	—	troða, treðr;
koma, kemr	—	of, efra, efst.

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