A short practical and easy method of learning the old Norsk tongue or Icelandic language / 23 (1869) Author: Rasmus Rask Table of Contents / Innehåll | << Previous | Next >>
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Those words whose vowels are short, and have therefore
a double r, drop one r in the n. g., before -t and before the
termination to satisfy the orthography as three r’s ought not to
appear; but such words retain the double r in the f. g. Nom.;
as otherwise the vowels would be long and the root deformed.
As: þurt, þurr, þurr (dry); kyrt, kyrr, kyrr (still).
Those ending in s, agree with this rule, as: laust, lauss,
laus (free); particularly as a diphthong precedes; but hvast,
hvass, hvöss (not hvös) because the vowel is short.

In a word with a double s the vowel is accented in the
n. g. as: vist, viss, viss.

91. If a consonant precedes the last radical letter r, it
changes before -t and s into ʼ (halfsound), never into ur; but
into r before a vowel and the terminations -ri, rar, ra, one
of the r is dropped, as a double r behind a consonant cannot
be pronounced. The following example will prove the force
of these observations:

Sing.	Nom.	fagr͗t	fagr̓	fogr̓ (for fög-ru)
	Acc.	fagr̓t	fagran	fagra
	Dat.	fögru	fogrum	fagri (for fagrri)
		⏟
	Gen.	fagr̓s		fagrar (for fagrrar)
Plur.	Nom.	fögr̓	fagrir	fagrar
	Acc.	fögr̓	fagra	fagrar
		⏟
	Dat.	fögrum
	Gen.	fagra (for fagrra)
Definite form.
	Nom.	fagra	fagri	fagra
	Acc.	fagra;	fagra;	fögru.

92. Words whose characteristic letter (Kjendebogstav) is
l after a double vowel, or, if dissyllabic, stands after any
vowel, change it in the termination of r into ll (39) as:

        heilt, heill, heil and in f. g. Dat. heilli, Gen.
heillar, Plur. Gen. heilla;

        gamalt, gamall, gömul, Dat. gamalli, Gen. gamallar Plur. Gen. gamalla; thus also:

        þagalt or þögult, þögull, þögul etc.

Before terminations, beginning with a vowel, contractions occur
as: gamlan, gamla, gömlu, gömlum. Def. Form. gamla,

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