A short practical and easy method of learning the old Norsk tongue or Icelandic language / 25 (1869) Author: Rasmus Rask Table of Contents / Innehåll | << Previous | Next >>
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oldest danish language; they shorten the radical letter so
that i is dropped and ð [[** dansk har kursiv **]] is hardened into d or t, in words the
characteristic letter of which is a hard consonant as:

        bart, barðr̓, börð; tamt, tamdr̓, tömd; vakt,
vaktr̓, vökt.

In this manner we find in some of these words a double
or triple form, of which the contracted one is the oldest;
those in it, inn, in, are modern Icelandic. — The words of
double form receive the general mixed declension after the
euphony, as:

Sing.	Nom.	vakit (wakened)	vakinn	vakin
Acc.		vakit	vakinn	vakta
Dat.		vöktu	vöktum	vakinni
		⏟
Gen.		vakins		vakinnar
Plural	Nom.	vakin	vaktir	vaktar
Acc.		vakin	vakta	vaktar
			⏟
Dat.			vöktum
Gen.			vakinna
Def. Form.	Nom.	vakta	vakti	vakta etc.

As a proof of the real use of contractions by the ancients,
we cite:

        kraft (Fms. 4,122 and 176), þaktr (Fms. 2,305); but,
þakiðr, (Grímnism. 9), dult (Isländíngas. 2,243);
huldr (Snorra-Edda 136), skilt (Fms. 6,220).

The modern forms are:

        krafit, þakinn, dulit, hulinn, skilit.

96. There is another kind of words which contracts as:

        auðigt, rig-t, Plur. auðug, auðgir, auðgar;

        málugr̓, málgir; öflugr̓, öflgir etc., but it is rare and
not irregular. Heilagt, -lagr̓, -lög contracts in the
shortened forms ei into e, Plur. heilög, helgir, helgar, def.
Form helga, helgi,helga. The root ill is accented in the
n. g. íllt. illr̓, ill, and sann contracts nn with t into tt:
satt, sannr̓, sönn; allt, allr͗, öll wants the def. form,
because it is definite in itself.

97. Compound Adjectives in a are not declinable as:
einskipa (Fms. 7,123), sundrskila (Fms. 11,131). But
there are some, in which the gender is shown in the Nom.
in the m. g. in -i, f. g. in -a as: sammœðri (Fms. 6,50),

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