56 (A short practical and easy method of learning the old Norsk tongue or Icelandic language)

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and a great number of combinations with short, local
adverbs, as:

        upp á, út i, fram með, í staðinn fyrir, inn undir,
út yfir etc.

172. The preposition at governs three cases:

        1) the Accusative in the signification „after“ (obsolete),

        2) the Dative in the sign. „to, towards“ used of things,
places, and time „at sumri“, towards summer,

        3) the Genitive in the signification „at, in.“

173. It often happens that a preposition is found before
a noun, without governing the same; in such a case the prep.
belongs to the verb; in reading a short stop is made between
prep. and noun. As:

                svâ at þegar tók af höfuðit,

                so that (it) straight took off the head.

174. The preposition is often found behind the verb in
relative sentences, chiefly where the demonstr. pronoun is not
declined, as:

Sverrir konúngr hafði viðsèt þessi snöru
er þeir ætluðu hann i veiða.
The king Sverrir had seen the cord
with which they thought to catch him.

The prepos. -í is accented, but forms no composite with veiða,
as íveiða is no word.

Prosody.

175. The old verse of the Skalds may be reduced to three
Orders; corresponding to the three manners of rhyme in which
the chief poems of the old Icelandic tongue are written.

They are all divided into sing-verses or strophes (vísa,
staka) which generally contain eight lines in each verse.

These strophes are again divided into two halves
(vísuhelmingr) and each of these again into two parts
(vísufjorðúngr) which form the fourth part of the whole strophe.

The separate lines or verses (vísuorð) are generally
short, the longest has but four feet, they all have the caesura.

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