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between the three northern kingdoms are indeed now so
friendly that a war between them can hardly be thought of
for a moment. But—as was said in confirmation of the
resolution in the first northern Peace Meeting, respecting a
permanent arbitration treaty between the three
kingdoms—they have carried on many bloody internecine wars, which
have only benefited their powerful neighbours, but have
been in the highest degree injurious to themselves; and
the possibility of war between the three northern
kingdoms is not excluded so long as they are not simultaneously
neutralized, or in some other way engaged to carry out a
common foreign policy. It is no longer ago than 1873
that the so-called “pilots’ war” in Oeresund caused much
bad blood among relatives on both sides of the sound.
That that was settled authoritatively by the mutual
declaration of the 14th of August is due to circumstances on whose
continuance for the future it is not possible to reckon.
Had a strained relation at the same time obtained between
one or more of the great powers within or without the
Baltic ports, and had these endeavoured to sow discord
between the coast powers, that they might fish in the
troubled waters, and feather their own nests by getting
these small states as their allies; and if one power had got
Denmark, but its enemy got Sweden-Norway as an
ally—a new northern fratricidal war would have broken out.
Even if such a future possibility cannot be entirely
eradicated by a mutual arbitration treaty amongst the northern
nations, a new guarantee for peace would be secured.”
(Bluntschli’s expression.) “For the small northern
kingdoms would by such a treaty acquire an excellent moral
support when it came to withstanding the attempt of
the great powers to entice or threaten them into taking part
in wars as their allies. Such a participation is always a
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