- Project Runeberg -  Pax mundi : a concise account of the progress of the movement for peace by means of arbitration, neutralization, international law and disarmament /
23

(1892) Author: Klas Pontus Arnoldson With: Brooke Foss Westcott
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of the breach of contract, either on the side of
the weaker or the stronger.

Neither can any example in our time be
pointed to of open violation of the rights of a
small country in its quality of an independent
State, as long as these rights have stood under
the mutual guarantee of the great powers.

As evidence to the contrary, the London
treaty of May 8th, 1853, has been adduced, which
was intended to secure Denmark’s neutrality;
the Treaty of Paris, April 14th, 1856, respecting
the Black Sea; and the fifth article of the Peace
of Prague in 1866. But here the fault lies in a
misunderstanding.

What the Treaty of London established was
not the indivisibility of Denmark, but of the
Dano-German monarchy. The German
territory was to be fast linked to the Danish. This
was admitted, as a principle, by the treaty to
be fitting and right, but the treaty contained
no trace of stipulations as to guarantee.

With respect to Russia’s breach of treaty
of the stipulations as to her banishment from
the Black Sea as a military power,[1] it must be


[1] Conquered Russia had to bind herself, at the conclusion
of peace, not to keep war ships in the Black Sea, not to have
any haven for war ships on her coasts. Stipulations which
were perceived by all thinking men at the time to be
untenable in the long run.

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