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8 GENERAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL.
tomic alcohol), passes slowly, and glycerin (triatomic) also passes slowly,
but faster than erythrite. Ethylene glycol (diatomic alcohol) passes rather
rapidly, and the monatomic alcohols immediately divide themselves
equally in the serum and blood corpuscles. Ether, esters, aldehyde,
and acetone divide themselves so that the blood corpuscles contain more
than does an equal volume of serum. These bodies are equally absorbed
by the blood corpuscles. Ammonium salts with univalent anions pass
in quickly while with divalent or polyvalent anions the greater part
remains in the serum; still they pass in to a greater extent than do the
corresponding salts of the fixed alkalies.
Overton had previously arrived at the same results, using plant
cells and chiefly by making use of the plasmolytic method. Urea is prob-
ably more quickly taken up by the blood corpuscles than by plant cells,
and ammonium salts also seem to pass more easily into the blood cor-
puscles than into the plant cells.
In regard to other salts Hedin’s results have been substantiated
by Oker-Blom,1
by estimating the electrical conductivity of the blood.
It must also be stated that according to Hedin, only those bodies
which do not pass, or pass slowly into the cells, can essentially alter
the volume of the cells. A close correspondence exists in this regard
between the plant and animal cells.
Gurber found that when blood corpuscles are repeatedly washed
with salt solution until the wash solution does not show any alkaline
reaction, and are then suspended in NaCl solution and treated with
CO2, the alkaline reaction increased while the blood corpuscles became
richer in chlorine. No exchange of K or Na took place.2
Gurber
explains the experiment as follows: the carbonic acid set a small amount
of HO free from the salt, and this HC1 was taken up by the blood corpuscles.
The Na2CC>3 formed at the same time gave the alkaline reaction to the
solution. Koeppe3
as well as Hamburger and v. Lier 4
claim, on the
contrary, that an exchange of HC03-ions and Cl-ions takes place between
the blood corpuscles and the solution, and Hamburger and v. Lier
claim to have shown that the blood corpuscles are permeable only for
anions, while the cations do not pass in.
Hamburger 5 and his collaborators have also found about the same
osmotic phenomena with other free mobile cells such as leucocytes,
spermatozoa as with the red blood corpuscles. The osmotic relations
have also been tried with intact parts of organs, therefore with cells
1
Pfliiger’s Arch., 81, 167 (1900).
2
Sitzungsber. d. med. phys. Gesellsch. zu Wurzburg, 1895.
» Pfliiger’s Arch., 67, 189 (1897).
<Arch. f. (Anat. u.) Physiol., 1902, 492.
’Osmotischer Druck und Ionenlehre, Wiesbaden, 1902, 1, 401.
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