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ENZYMES. 53
son and Lewis 1
with the same results. On the other hand the cor-
rectness of these observations is disputed by Bierry,2
Plim.mer,3
Wohl-
gemuth 4
and Popielski 5
as they could not find any accommodation.
Mendel6 and his co-workers by careful investigations on certain enzymes
obtained from embryonal intestine and other embryonal tissues could
not find any marked difference between these enzymes and the enzymes
of the full grown animal. These results speak against the accepted influence
of the food and of the processes depending upon the taking up of food,
upon the formation of enzymes. Recently the investigations of Lon-
don 7
and his collaborators upon the influence of the food upon the
digestion juices have shown that the amount of juice secreted is dependent
upon the constitution of the food but not the ferment content of the
same. The observations of Cohnheim 8
also speak against the view
that the kind and quantity of enzymes secreted in the intestinal tract
accommodate themselves to the digestion, as he found that the organism
secretes as much fluid (gastric juice, pancreatic juice and bile) when
already digested food is introduced into the stomach as when undigested
food is introduced. Arrhenius 9
has calculated from London’s figures,
that the total amount of digestive juice secreted was proportional to the
quantity of food-stuffs. From experiments which Euler and his
collaborators have made upon the formation of inverting enzymes he
concludes that we have inverting enzymes whose formation is specific
by getting accustomed to the substrate, while the formation of others
is in no wise thus influenced.10
In this connection we will call attention to the appearance of enzy-
motic substances in the blood after the subcutaneous or intravenous
(parenteral) introduction of certain food-stuffs. Weinland first showed
that the parenteral introduction of cane-sugar caused the appearance
in the serum of a cane-sugar splitting enzyme.11
Abderhalden and
Kapfberger 12
have substantiated and developed these observations.
Bodies having a similar action also appear after the injection of milk
I
Journ. of Biol. Chem., 4, 501 (1908).
2
Compt. rend. soc. biol., 58, 701 (1905).
3
Journ. of Physiol., 34, 93 (1906).
4
Bioch. Zeitschr., 9, 1 (1908).
5
Pfliiger’s Arch., 127, 443 (1909).
6
Amer. Journ. of Physiol., 20, 81, 97 (1907); 21, 64, 69, 85, 95 (1908).
7
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 68, 366 (1910).
8
Ibid., 84, 419 (1913).
9
tbid., 63, 323 (1909), see also London, ibid., 65, 189 (1910).
10 Ibid., 70, 279; 76, 388; 78, 246; 79, 274; 80, 241 (1912).
II
Zeitschr. f. Biol., 47, 279 (1905).
12
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 69, 23 (1910).
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