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CORNEIN. 123
Spongin forms the chief muss of the ordinary sponge. It dissolves with
difficulty in concentrated mineral acids but dissolves with readiness in caustic
alkalies. It does not give the MlLLON reaction or Anaukiewicz’s. It gives
no gelatin. On hydrolysis spongin yields considerable glycocoll 13.9 per cent,
glutamic acid l.S.l per cent, leucine 7.f> per cent, proline 6.3 per cent, lysine
3-4 per cent, and arginine 5 6 per cent. 1
Tyrosine and phenylalanine could
not be detected. After Hundeshagen bad shown the occurrence of iodine
and bromine in organic combination in different sponges and designated the albu-
moid containing iodine, iodospongin, IIaknack - later isolated from the ordinary
sponge, by cleavage with mineral acids, an iodospongin which contained about
II per cent iodine and 4.5 per cent sulphur. Strauss 3
has obtained sponginoses
of various kinds from spongin by dilute acids. The heterosponginose contained
the greater part of the iodine and sulphur, while the deuterosponginose contained
the carbohydrate groups. Iodospongin is considered as a derivative of the
heterosponginose. Conchiolin is found in the shells of mussels and snails and
also in the eggshells of these animals. It yields, according to Wetzel, 4
glycocoll,
leucine, and abundance of tyrosine. The quantity of diamino-nitrogen amounts
to 8.7 per cent and the amide nitrogen 3.47 per cent (from the shell of pinna).
The Byssus contains a substance, closely related to conchiolin, which is soluble
with difficulty. According to Abderhalden 5
it yields considerable glycocoll
and tyrosine and also alanine, aspartic acid and very large amounts of proline.
Cornein is the name given to the substance of the axial system of
certain Anthozoa. The substance occurring in the groups of Gorgonia
and Antipathes has been called gorgonin by C. Morner 6 and differs from
the pen not id in of the Pennatulidea? by the latter being readily soluble
in pepsin-hydrochloric acid. The cleavage products have not been care-
fully studied; one of the crystalline products, called cornicrijstalline by
Krikenberg, is nothing but iodine crystals, as shown by Morner.
After Drechsel 7 found nearly 8 per cent iodine in the dry substance of
the axial system of the Gorgonia Cavolini, C. Morner showed that in
the Anthozoa in general the organic skeletal substance contains halogens
in organic combination. Iodine was found in all varieties, and indeed
in amounts from traces up to 7 per cent. Eromine wr
as found, with the
exception of two Antipathes, in amounts of 0.25 to 4 per cent, while
chlorine, which was never absent, occurred as a few tenths per cent.
The halogens occur in the organic skeletal substance as gorgonin and
pcnnatulin.
Drechsel obtained leucine, tyrosine, lysine, ammonia and an iodized
amino-acid, iodogorgonic acid, as cleavage products of gorgonin. This last
’Abderhalden and Strauss, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 48; Kossel and Kutscher,
end., :$!, 20.-).
2
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 24; Hundeshagen, Maly’s Jahresber., 25, 394; see
also L. Scott, Biochem. Zeitschr., 1.
’ Biochem. Centralbl., 3.
4
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem. 29, and Centralbl. f. Physiol., 13, 113.
5
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 55.
6
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 51 and 55.
7
Zeitschr. f . Biol., 33.
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