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SERINE. 145
it sublimes. Its solubility in water is 1.5:100; at 20° in aqueous so-
lution (a) D +6.53° and in 20 per cent hydrochloric acid-f-14.1°. It gives
a copper salt crystallizing in needles.
CH2 (OH)
/-Serine (a-amino-/3-oxypropionic acid), C3H7N03 = CH(NH2 ), was
COOH
obtained by Fischer and his collaborators as a cleavage product of
several proteins, generally only in small quantities. The largest quan-
tity, 6.6 per cent, was obtained by Fischer and Skita from sericine;
Kossel and Dakin l
obtained a still larger amount from salmine, namely
7.8 per cent. The racemic serine is the one generally obtained. From
fibroin Fischer 2
obtained a mixture of active and inactive serine anhy-
dride from which he finally prepared /-serine by hydrolysis. Serine has
also been found by G. Embden and Tachau 3
in fresh perspiration.
Synthetically c/-/-serine has been prepared by Fischer and Leuchs
from ammonia, hydrocyanic acid and glycol aldehyde, and also in other
ways by others.4
Fischer and Jacobs 5 have prepared /-serine from
(/-/-serine by the preparation of the alkaloid salt of the p-nitro-benzoyl
combination. On reduction serine is transformed into alanine, and on
oxidation with nitrous acid it yields glyceric acid. The relation of serine
to alanine, lactic acid and glyceric acid is evident from the following for-
mulae:
CH2 (OH)
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