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ARGININE. 161
sufficient bromine water and warming, a reddish coloration ensues
which turns deep wine-red, later becoming cloudy, due to the forma-
tion of dark amorphous particles (F. Knoop ]
). It gives a very beautiful
diazo-reaction with diazobenzenesulphonic acid, in solutions made alkaline
with sodium carbonate, which according to Pauly is deep cherry-red
in dilutions of 1:20000 and still markedly red in 1:100000 (tyrosine
gives a similar reaction).
Several salts of histidine are known; H. Pauly 2
has especially
studied the iodized derivatives of histidine and imidazole.
On feeding ^-/-histidine to rabbits Abderhalden and Weil 3 obtained
from the urine tf-histidine which was crystalline, was as sweet as sugar
and showed a specific rotation (a) D = +40.15° at 20° C.
Histidine is sometimes classified in a group, with the two diamino-
acids, arginine and lysine which Kossel has called the hexone bases.
(/-Arginine ( 5-guanido-a-aminovaleric acid),
( HN) C <NH
2
CH2
C6H14N402 = (CH2) 2 ,
CH(NH2)
COOH
first discovered by Schulze and Steiger in etiolated lupin- and pumpkin-
sprouts, has later been found in other germinating plants, in tubers and
roots. Gulewitsch has found arginine in the ox-spleen, and Totani
and Katsuyama have found it in ox-testicles. It was first found
by Hedin as a cleavage product of horn substance, gelatin, and several
proteins, and then by Kossel and his pupils as a general cleavage prod-
uct of protein substances as a class. The greatest quantity was obtained
from the protamines; but the histones and certain plant proteins,
edestin and the protein from pine seeds and especially excelsin (14.14
per cent), also yield abundant arginine. Arginine also occurs among
the products of tryptic digestion (Kossel and Kutscher 4
).
On boiling with baryta-water, as well as by the action of an enzyme,
arginase, discovered bv Kossel and Dakin,5 arginine yields urea and
ornithine.
1
Hofmeister’s Beitrage, 1 1
.
2
Ber. d. d. chem. Gesellsch., 43.
1
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 77.
4
Schulze and Steiger, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 11; Schulze and Castoro, ibid., 41;
Gulewitsch, ibid., 30; Totani and Katsuyama, ibid., 64; Hedin, ibid., 20 and 21; Kossel
and Kutscher, ibid., 22, 25, 26.
6
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 41, and Dakin, Journ. of biol. Chem., 3.
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