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316 THE BLOOD.
fibrinogen into fibrin. The assumption that fibrinogen can be split from para-
globulin has not sufficient foundation and is even improbable.
According to Schmidt the retarding action of the cells is prominent
during life, while the accelerating action is especially pronounced out-
side of the body or by coming in contact with foreign bodies. The paren-
chymous masses of the organs and tissues, through which the blood flows
in the capillaries, are those cell-masses which serve to keep the blood
fluid during life.
Lilienfeld has given further proof as to the occurrence, in the form-
elements of the blood, of bodies which accelerate or retard the coagula-
tion. According to this author the nature of these bodies is very markedly
different from Schmidt’s idea. While, according to Schmidt, the coagula-
tion accelerators are bodies soluble in alcohol, and the compound proteins
exhausted with alcohol act only retardingly on coagulation, Lilienfeld
states that the substance which acts acceleratingly and retardingly
on coagulation are contained in a nucleoprotein, namely, nucleohistone.
Nucleohistone readily splits into leuconuclein and histone, the first
of which acts as a coagulation-excitant, while the other, introduced
into the blood-vascular system, either intravascular or extravascular, robs
the blood of its property of coagulating. Introduced into the circulatory
system the nucleohistone splits into its two components. It therefore
causes extensive coagulation on one side and makes the remainder of
the blood uncoagulable en the other. This theory as well as that of
Schmidt is not based upon sufficiently demonstrated facts.
Brucke showed long ago that fibrin left an ash containing calcium
phosphate. The fact that calcium salts may facilitate or even cause a
coagulation, in liquids poor in ferment, has been known for several years,
through the researches of Hammarsten, Green, Ringer and Sains-
bury. The necessity of the lime salts for the coagulation of blood and
plasma was first shown positively by the important investigations of
Arthus and Pages. Recent investigations of Sabbatani 1
have also
shown the importance of calcium salts or the free calcium ions for
coagulation without explaining the mode of their action.
According to the generally accepted tow of Arthus and Pages the soluble
lime salts precipitable by oxalate are necessary requisites for the fermentive
transformation of fibrinogen, because thrombin remains inactive in the absence
of soluble lime salts. This view is untenable, as shown by the researches of
Alex. Schmidt, Pekelharing, and Hammarsten. 2
Thrombin acts as well in
the absence as in the presence of precipitable lime salts.
1
Hammarsten, Nova Acta, reg. Soc. Scient. Upsala, (3), 10, 1879; Green, Journ.
of Physiol., 8; Ringer and Hainsbury, ibid., 11 and 12; Arthus et Pages and Arthus,
see footnote 4, p. 251; Hammarsten, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 22; Sabbatani,
rited, Centralbl. f. Physiol., 16, 665.
2
Hammarsten, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 22, where the other investigators are
cited.
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