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326 THE BLOOD.
The reason of the slow coagulation of the blood in hcemophilia is not
well known. Recent investigations of Morawitz and Lossen, Sahli,
Nolf and Henry x
make it very probable that the thrombokinase plays
an important part. According to Sahli the quantity of kinase is dimin-
ished, while according to Nolf and Henry, it is qualitatively changed
so that it is less active. Both cases explain the repeatedly observed
relation of the vessel-walls to haemophilia as, according to Nolf, the
thrombokinase (his thrombozym) is also secreted by the endothelial cells.
The non-coagulability of cadaver blood depends usually, according to Mora-
witz, 2
upon the fact that it contains no fibrinogen, due to a fibrinolysis.
The gases of the blood will be treated in Chapter XVI (on respiration)
IV. THE QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD.
The quantitative analyses of the blood are of little value. We must
ascertain on one side the relation of the plasma and blood-corpuscles to
each other, and on the other the constitution of each of these two chief
constituents. The difficulties which stand in the way of such a task,
especially in regard to the living, non-coagulated blood, have not been
removed. Since the constitution of the blood may differ not only in
different vascular regions, but also in the same region under different
circumstances, which renders a number of blood analyses necessary, it
can hardly appear remarkable that our knowledge of the constitution of
the blood is still relatively limited.
The relative volume of blood-corpuscles and serum in blood has been
determined by various methods. Of these methods that of L. and M.
Bleibtreu,3
against which important objections have been raised by
several investigators, such as Eykman, Biernacki and Hedin,4
must
be especially mentioned. In regard to this as well as to the method
of St. Bugarsky and Tangl, which is based upon a difference in the
electrical conductivity of the blood and the plasma, and Stewart’s5
colorimetric method, we must refer to the original publications.
For clinical purposes the relative volume of corpuscles in the blood
may be determined by the use of a small centrifuge called a hcematocrit,
constructed by Blix and described and tested by Hedin. A measured
quantity of blood is mixed with a known volume (best an equal volume)
1
Morawitz and Lossen, Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., 94; Sahli, ibid., 99; Nolf
and Henry, Revue de medicine, 29, 1909.
2
Hofmeister’s Beitrage, 8.
3
Pfliiger’s Arch., 51, 55, and 60.
4
Biernacki, Zeitschr. f. physio! . Chem., 19; Eykman, Pfliiger’s Arch.. 60; Hedin,
ibid., and Skand. Arch. f. Physiol., 5.
6
Bugarsky and Tangl, Centralbl. f. Physiol., 11; Stewart, Journ. of Physiol., 24.
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