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BLOOD OF THE TWO SEXES. 337
than arterial blood. Kruger 1
and his pupils found that the blood
from the vana lienalis is generally richer in haemoglobin and solids than
arterial blood; still the contrary is often found. The blood from the
splenic vein coagulates slowly.
The Blood from the Veins of the Glands. The blood circulates with
greater rapidity through a gland during activity (secretion) than when
at rest, and the outflowing venous blood has therefore during activity a
lighter red color and a greater amount of oxygen. Because of the secre-
tion, the venous blood also becomes somewhat poorer in water and richer
in solids.
The blood from the Muscular Veins shows an opposite behavior, for
during activity it is darker and more venous in its properties because
of the increased absorption of oxygen by the muscles and still greater
production of carbon dioxide than when at rest.
Menstrual Blood, according to an old belief, has not the power of
coagulating. This statement, is nevertheless, false, and the apparent
uncoagulability depends in part on the retarding action of the mucous
membrane of the uterus upon coagulation (Cristea and Denk 2
) and in
part on a contamination with vaginal mucus, which disturbs the coagula-
tion. Menstrual blood, according to Gautier and Bourcet, contains
arsenic and is also richer in iodine than other blood (see Blood-serum,
page 269).
The Blood of the Two Sexes. Women’s blood coagulates somewhat
more quickly, has a lower specific gravity, a greater amount of water,
and a smaller quantity of solids than the blood of man. The amount
of blood-corpuscles and haemoglobin is somewhat smaller in woman’s
blood. The amount of haemoglobin is 146 p. m. for man’s blood and 133
p. m. for woman’s.
During pregnancy Nasse has observed a decrease in the specific gravity,
with an increase in the amount of water, until the end of the eighth month.
From then the specific gravity increases, and at delivery it is again
normal. The amount of fibrin is somewhat increased (Becquerel and
Rodier, Nasse). The number of blood-corpuscles seems to decrease.
In regard to the amount of haemoglobin the statements are somewhat
contradictory. Cohnstein found the number of red corpuscles diminished
in the blood of pregnant sheep as compared with non-pregnant, but
the red corpuscles were larger and the quantity of haemoglobin in the blood
was greater in the first case. Mollenberg found in most cases an
increase in the amount of haemoglobin in pregnancy in the last months,
1
v. Middendorff, Centralbl. f. Physiol., 2, 753; Kriiger, 1. c.
- Cristea and Denk, Maly’s Jahresb., 40, 181.
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