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420 THE LIVER.
coll they synthetically prepared the alkali salt of glycocholic acid, at
the same time splitting off nitrogen.
Glycocholic acid crystallizes in fine, colorless needles or prisms. It
is soluble with difficulty in water (in about 300 parts cold and 120 parts
boiling water), and is easily precipitated from its alkali-salt solution
by the addition of dilute mineral acids. According to Bondi j
glyco-
cholic acid is a rather strong acid, about as acid as lactic but much
stronger than acetic acid. This last-mentioned acid precipitates gly-
cocholic acid from the solution of its alkali salts in water. It is readily
soluble in strong alcohol, but with great difficulty in ether. The solu-
tions have a bitter but at the same time sweetish taste. The acid melts
between 132-152°, depending upon the method of preparation. Accord-
ing to Letsche, the acid containing water of crystallization (1| mol.)
deflagrates on heating rapidly at 126°, and at 130° an active frothing is
observed. The acid free from water of crystallization deflagrates at
130-132°, and decomposes at 154-155° C. with frothing. The salts of
the alkalies and alkaline earths are soluble in alcohol and water.
The solution of the alkali salt in water can be salted out by NaCl,
but not by KC1. The salts of the heavy metals are mostly insoluble or
soluble with difficulty in water. The solution of the alkali salts in water
is precipitated by sugar of lead, cupric and ferric salts, and silver nitrate.
On boiling with water glycocholic acid is probably transformed into its
physical isomer paraglycocholic acid, according to Letsche,2
and this
crystallizes in long leaves which, when containing water of crystalliza-
tion, show ready deflagration at 186° and decompose with frothing at
198° C. On solution in alcohol or dilute alkalies the paraglycocholic
acid passes into the ordinary glycocholic acid.
Glycocholeic Acid is a second glycocholic acid, first isolated by Wahl-
gren 3 from ox-bile, and has the formula C26H43NO5 or C27H45NO5.
This acid, which on hydrolytic cleavage yields glycocoll and choleic
acid, has also been detected in human bile and the bile of the musk-ox
(Hammarsten 4
).
Glycocholeic acid may, like glycocholic acid, crystallize in tufts of
fine needles, but is often obtained as short thick prisms. It is much more
insoluble in water, even on boiling, than glycocholic acid, and it melts
at 175-176° C. The alkali salts are soluble in water, have a pure bit-
ter taste, and are more readily precipitated by neutral salts (NaCl) than
the glycocholates. The solution of the alkali salts is not only precipitated
1
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 53.
2
Ibid., 60 and 73.
3
Ibid., 36.
* Ibid., 43.
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