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COMPOSITION OF THE BILE. 437
FRERICHS. v. Gorup-BESANEZ.
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WV tr ys Bisa Seah, ce 860.0 859 .2 822.7 898.1
ROUGE ianctau aaretndaeets erties 140.0 140.8 177.3 101.9
IIMA BALES. cc Metmc dete or.c ss 72.2 91.4 107.9 56.5
rile and pigments....... 26.6 Oe 22.1 14.5
HOIGHEGEIN, ©: Varner eo coos Sho.0" 1.6 2.6
1k) Re CC eee 3.2 9.25 47.3 30.9
Inorganic substances....... 6.5 (irl | 10.8 6.2
Human liver-bile is poorer in solids than the bladder-bile. In
several cases it contained only 12-18 p. m. solids, but the bile in these
cases is hardly to be considered as normal. JAcoBsENfound 22.4—22.8
p. m. solids in a specimen of bile. HamMarstTEeNn, who had occasion to
analyze the liver-bile in seven cases of biliary fistula, has often
found 25-28 p. m. solids. In a case of a corpulent woman the quantity
of solids in the liver-bile varied between 30.10-38.6 p. m. in ten days.
BranpD! observed still higher figures, more than 40 p. m., in two
cases. This investigator suggests that the bile from an imperfect
fistula, when it is partly absorbed, is richer in solids than when it comes
from a perfect fistula.
The molecular concentration of human bile, according to Branp,
BoNANNI, and Srrauss,? is generally identical with that of the
blood, although the amount of water and solids varies. The freezing-
point varies only between —0.54° and —0.58°. This constancy of the
osmotic pressure is explained by the fact that in concentrated biles with
larger amounts of organic substances (with larger molecules) the amount
of inorganic salts is lower.®
Human bile, sometimes, but not always, contains sulphur in an ethereal
sulphuric-acid-like combination (HAMMARSTEN, OERUM, Branp). The
quantity of such sulphur may even amount to }-? of the total sulphur.
We do not know the nature of these ethereal sulphuric acids. According
to Orrum # they are not precipitated by lead acetate, but are precipitated
by basic lead acetate, especially with ammonia. Human bile is habitually
richer in glycocholic than in taurocholic acid. In six cases of liver-bile
analyzed by HamMarsTEN the relation of taurocholic to glycocholic acid
varied between 1:2.07 and 1:14.36. The bile analyzed by JacoBsENn
contained no taurocholic acid.
As an example of the composition of human liver-bile the following
1 Jacobsen, Ber. d. deutsch. chem. Gesellsch., 6; Hammarsten, Nova Acta Reg.
Soe. Scient. Upsala, 16; Brand, Pfliiger’s Arch., 90.
* Brand, |. c., Bonanni, Biochem. Centralbl., 1; Strauss, Berl. klin. Wochenschr.,
1903.
3 See Brand, |. c.; Hammarsten, 1. ¢.
4Skand. Archiv. f. Physiol., 16.
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