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490 DIGESTION.
The Secretion of Lieberkuhn’s Glands. The secretion of these glands
has been studied with the aid of a fistula in the intestine according to
the method of Thiry and Vella or of Pawlow. According to Boldy-
reff, 1
in dogs, with an empty stomach, a scanty secretion lasting about
15 minutes occurs at regular intervals for about two hours. According
to Boldyreff the intestinal juice is obtained from a Thiry-Villa fistula
outside of the digestion period without any apparent stimulation. Accord-
ing to this experimenter, during gastric digestion the juice is periodically
but less abundantly secreted as the time interval is much longer, namely
three, four or five hours. Otherwise it is generally admitted that the
partaking of food causes the secretion, or if this is continuous, as in
lambs (Pregl), it increases the secretion. The researches of Dele-
zenne and Frouin show without question that the passage of chyme
into the intestine increases the secretion of the intestinal juice. The
acid causes a formation of secretin (see below), and this produces,
according to the above investigators, a secretion of intestinal juice.
Among the chemically active substances causing a secretion we must
mention acids in general and gastric juice. Soaps, chloral, ether and
on intravenous injection, also intestinal juice or an extract of the intes-
tinal mucosa (Frouin), are chemical excitants of intestinal juice.
Several salts, NaCl, Na2SOi, and others, may cause an abundant secre-
tion of fluid into the intestine when injected intravenously or subcu-
taneously, as well as after direct application to the peritoneal surface
of the intestine. This action can be arrested by the antagonistic,
inhibiting action of a lime salt (MacCallum). Pilocarpine, which has
the power of increasing the activity of secretions, does not increase the
secretion in lambs, and in dogs it does not seem to be always active
(Gamgee 2
).
Mechanical irritation of the intestinal mucosa increases the secre-
tion in dogs (Thiry) as well as in man (Hamburger and Hekma), but
it is still doubtful whether we here have a perfectly physiological juice.
In the cases observed by Hamburger and Hekma 3
the flow of fluid was
greatest at night as well as between five and eight o’clock in the after-
noon, and was lowest between two and five o’clock in the afternoon.
The quantity of this secretion in the course of twenty-four hours has
not been exactly determined.
1
Thiry, Wien, Sitz.-Ber., 50; Vella, Molleschott’s Untersuch., 13; Boldyreff,
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 50, Centralbl. f.’Physiol. 24, 93 (1910).
2
Delezenne and Frouin, Compt. rend. soc. biol., 56; Frouin, ibid., 56 and 58;
MacCallum, University of California Publications, 1, 1904; Gamgee, Physiol. Chem-
istry, 2, 410 (literature).
3
Journ. de Physiol, et d. path, gen., 1902 and 1904.
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