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PANCREAS AND PANCREATIC JUICE. 495
of nucleoproteins, while the globulin and albumin occur only to a slight
extent as compared with the nucleoproteins. Among the compound
proteins is the substance studied and isolated by Umber but previously
discovered by Hammarsten l
and called a-proteid. This nucleopro-
tein contains, as an average, 1.G7 per cent P, 1.29 per cent S, 17.12 per
cent N, and 0.13 per cent Fe. It yields, according to Hammarsten,
tf-proteid on boiling, which is much richer in phosphorus than the nucleo-
protein. The native proteid (a) is the mother-substance of guanylic
acid; according to Umber it dissolves on pepsin digestion without leaving
any residue, and yields on trypsin digestion guanylic acid on one side
and proteoses and peptones on the other. It can be extracted from the
gland by a physiological salt solution, and is precipitated by acetic acid.
Besides this compound protein the pancreas must contain at least one
other protein which is the mother-substance of the thymonucleic acid
obtainable from the pancreas.
Besides these protein substances the gland also contains several
enzymes, or more correctly zymogens, which will be discussed later.
Among the extractive bodies, which are probably in part formed by
post-mortem changes and chemical action, we must mention leucine-
tyrosine, purine bases in variable quantities,2
inosite, lactic acid, volatile
fatty acids and fats. The mineral bodies vary considerably in quantity,
not only in animals and man but also in men and women (Gossmann).
’The calcium seems, according to Gossmann, to exist in much greater
amount than the magnesium. According to the investigations of Mag-
nus-Levy the human pancreas contains 278 p. m. solids with 106 p. m.
fat and 156 p. m. protein. Gossmann 3
found in man 17.92 p. m. ash
and in women 13.05 p. m.
Besides the previously-mentioned (Chapter VII) relation to the trans-
formation of sugar in the aminal body, the pancreas has the property
of secreting a juice especially important in digestion.
Pancreatic Juice. This secretion may be obtained by adjusting a
fistula in the excretory duct, according to the methods suggested by
Bernard, Ludwig, and Heidenhain, and perfected by Pawlow,4
In herbivora, such as rabbits, whose digestion is uninterrupted, the
secretion of the pancreatic juice is continuous. In carnivora, it seems,
on the contrary, to be intermittent and dependent on the digestion.
1
Umber, Zeitschr. f. klin. Med., 40 and 43; Hammarsten, Zeitschr. f. physioL
Chem., 19.
2
See Kossel, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 8.
1
Magnus-Levy, Bioch Zeitschr. 24; Gossmann, Maly’s Jahresb. 30.
* Bernard, Lecons de Physiol., 2, 190; Ludwig, see Bernstein, Arbeiten, ad. physioL
Anstalt zu Leipzig, 1869; Heidenhain, Pfluger’s Arch., 10, 604; Pawlow, The Work
of the Digestive Glands, (translated by Thompson, Philadelphia, 1910), and Ergebnisse
der Physiologie, 1, Abt. 1.
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