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540 DIGESTION.
of the digestion, such as upon the formation of the secretions and their
activity. As to this we know at present very little, but the work of
Zunz and Mayer (see page 532), indicates that such a reverse action is
possible. Under these circumstances it is not possible to give Lombroso’s
views too great a prominence.
Lombroso has also found that after the extirpation of the pancreas
in the dog, sometimes more fat is eliminated than was contained in the
food; that this eliminated fat, which depends upon a fat secretion into
the intestinal canal, has a different composition from the introduced fat,
and that in these cases an absorption of fat also takes place. That some
fat can be absorbed in animals even in the absence of the bile as well
as pancreatic juice has been shown by the investigations of Hedon and
Ville and Cunningham.1
The reason for the fact that the fat absorption is diminished in the
absence of bile from the intestine must be sought for in the above-men-
tioned rdle of this fluid. It is more difficult to state why the absence
of pancreatic juice causes a reduction in the absorption of fat. The most
natural view is that the neutral fats are here less completely split, but
this does not seem to be the case, because the non-absorbed fat of the
feces consists, on the exclusion of bile and pancreatic juice (Minkowski
and Abelmann, Harley, Hedon and Ville, Deucher), principally of
free fatty acids. A still unknown change caused by gastric or intestinal
lipase or by micrororganisms may produce a cleavage of the fat in these
cases. The imperfect fat absorption after the extirpation of the pan-
creas can possibly be explained by the removal of a considerable part
of the alkalies necessary for the formation of the emulsion and for the
solution of the fatty acids, but as Sandmeyer found in dogs deprived of
their pancreas, that the fat absorption was raised by giving chopped
pancreas with the fat, this can hardly be a sufficient explanation. The
reason for this is perhaps that after the extirpation of the pancreas the
splitting of the fat is chiefly brought about by bacteria in those parts of
the intestinal canal where the conditions for absorption are not favor-
able.
The soluble salts are also absorbed with the water. The proteins,
which can dissolve a considerable quantity of salts, such as earthy phos-
phates which are otherwise insoluble in alkaline water, are of great
’
importance in the absorption of such salts.
The soluble constituents of the digestive secretions can be absorbed
like the other soluble substances and toxines, and ferments may also be
absorbed, especially by a diseased change in the intestinal walls.
The occurrence of urobilin in urine attests the absorption of the bile-
1
Hedon and Ville, 1. c.; Cunningham, Journ. of Physiol., 32.
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