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552 TISSUES OF THE CONNECTIVE SUBSTANCE.
The inorganic constituents of the bony structure, the so-called
bone-earths, which, after the complete calcination of the organic sub-
stance, remain as a white brittle mass, consist chiefly of calcium and
phosphoric acid, but also contain carbonic acid and, in smaller amounts,
magnesium, chlorine, and fluorine. Iron, which has been found in bone-
ash, does not seem to belong exactly to the bony substance, but to the
nutritive fluids or to the other constituents of bones. The traces of
sulphate occurring in the bone-ash are derived, according to Morner,
from the chondroitin-sulphuric acid. According to Gabriel, potassium
and sodium are essential constituents of bone-earth, and this has been
substantiated by Aron l
.
The opinions of investigators differ slightly as to the manner in
which the mineral bodies of the bony structure are combined with
each other. Chlorine is present in the same form as 7m apatite
3(Ca3P208)CaCl2- If we eliminate the magnesium, the chlorine, and
the fluorine, the last, Gabriel claims, occurring only as traces, the remain-
ing mineral bodies form the combination 3(Ca3P20s)CaC03. In his
opinion the simplest expression for the composition of the ash of bones
and teeth is (Ca3 (P04)2+Ca5HP30,3+Aq), in which 2-3 per cent of the
lime is replaced by magnesia, potash, and soda, and 4-6 per cent of the
phosphoric acid by carbonic acid, chlorine, and fluorine. Recently, on
the contrary, Gassmann has given important reasons for the follow-
ing complex combination in Werner’s 2
sense.
/OP03 Ca\
Cf( > Ca 3
.
VoPOsCa/ -
C03
Analyses of bone-earths have shown that the mineral constituents
exist in rather constant proportions, which are nearly the same in dif-
ferent animals. As an example of the composition of bone-earth we here
give the analyses of Zalesky.3
The figures represent parts per thousand:
Man. Ox. Tortoise. Guinea-pig.
Calcium phosphate, Ca3 P2 8 838 .
9
860 .
9
859 .
8
873 .
8
Magnesium phosphate, MgJPaOs 10.4 10.2 13.6 10.5
Calcium combined with C02 , Fl, and CI. . . 76 .
5
73 .
6
63 .
2
70 .
3
C02 57.3 62.0 52.7
Chlorine 1.8 2.0 1.3
Fluorine* 2.3 3.0 2.0
1
Morner, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 23; Gabriel, ibid., 18, which. also contains
the pertinent literature; Aron, Pfliiger’s Arch., 106.
2
Gassmann, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem. 70 and 83; Werner, Ber. d. d. Chem.
Gesellsch., 40.
1
Hoppe-Seyler, Med.-chem. Untersuch., p. 19.
4
The reports as to the quantity of fluorine disagree; see Harms, Zeistchr. f.
Biologic, 38; Jodlbauer, ibid., 41.
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