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560 TISSUES OF THE CONNECTIVE SUBSTANCE.
found the administered fat in the tissues. Hofmann starved dogs
until they appeared to have lost their fat, and then fed them upon large
quantities of fat and only little proteins. When the animals were killed
he found so large a quantity of fat that it could not have been formed
from the administered proteins alone, but the greater part must have
been derived from the fat of the food. Pettenkofer and Voit arrived
at similar results in regard to the action of the absorbed fats in the organ-
ism, though their experiments were of another kind. Munk found
that on feeding with free fatty acids, these are deposited in the tissues,
not, however, as such; but they are transformed by synthesis with
glycerin into neutral fats on their passage from the intestine into the
thoracic duct. The connection between the fat of the food, and of the
body has also been shown by others, especially Rosenfeld. Coro-
nedi and Marchetti and in particular Winternitz 1
have shown that
iodized fat is taken up in the intestinal tract and deposited in the various
organs.
Proteins and carbohydrates are considered as the mother-substances
of the fats formed in the organism.
The formation of the so-called corpse-wax, adipocere, which consists
of a mixture of fatty acids, ammonia, and lime-soaps, from parts of the
corpse rich in proteins, is sometimes given as a proof of the formation
of fats from proteins. The accuracy of this view has, however, been dis-
puted, and many other explanations of the formation of this substance
have been offered. According to the experiments of Kratter and
K. B. Lehmann, it seems as if it were possible by experimental means
to convert animal tissue rich in proteins (muscles) into adipocere by the
continuous action of water. Irrespective of this, Salkowski has shown
that in the formation of adipocere, the fat itself takes part, in that the
olein decomposes with the formation of solid fatty acids, still it must
be considered that lower organisms undoubtedly take part in its forma-
tion. The production of adipocere as a proof of the formation of fat
from proteins is disputed by many investigators for this and other reasons.
Fatty degeneration has been considered as another proof of the
formation of fat from proteins. From the investigations of Bauer
on dogs, and Leo on frogs, it was assumed that, at least in acute poisoning
by phosphorus, a fatty degeneration, with the formation of fat from
proteins, takes place. Pfluger has raised such strong arguments against
the older researches as well as the more recent one of Polimanti, who
claims to have shown the formation of fat from proteins in phosphorus
1
Coronedi and Marchetti, cited by Winternitz, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 24,
A review of the literature on fat formation may be found in Rosenfeld, Fettbildung.
in Ergebnisse der Physiologie, 1, Abt. 1.
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