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CREATINE. 575
the possibility that in the muscles, which according to Kossel and Dakin
contain only little arginase, the arginine was decomposed in other ways.
In autolysis as well as perfusion experiments with livers, Inouye ’
has
recently shown that an increase in the creatine occurs at the expense of
the arginine added.
Starting with the observation of Jaff6 2
that glyeocyamine (guanidine acetic
acid) in rabbits is transformed with a niethylation into creatine, we can consider
the cleavage of arginine into creatine in the following manner, basing this con-
ception upon the ruling conception on the cleavage of amino-acids and fatty acids
in the animal body.
NH2
HN=C/
\ HX=C
XH
/ CH,
XH2
/
\NH
/
NH2
HX=C^
NH
/
CH2
NH,
HX=<N(CH,)
/
(CH2 ) 2 —
I
COOH
7-guanidine
butyric acid.
-> COOH
Ouanidine acetic
acid (glyeocyamine).
CH2
I
COOH
Creatine.
CH2
I
CH2 -
CH,
I
CH(XH2 )
I
COOH
Arginine.
The opinions are not unanimous in regard to the organ producing
creatine or creatinine. Based upon several investigations it is generally
admitted that the liver here plays an important role. Several other
organs may also be considered and in the first place, the muscles. Accord-
ing to Mellanby the creatinine is probably formed in the liver, trans-
formed into creatine in the muscles and there stored up as such. Other
observations still speak for the fact that the creatine is formed in the
muscles and transformed into creatinine in the liver, while according
to Noel-Paton and Mackie the exclusion of the liver in birds is without
effect upon the creatinine metab< lism.
Creatine crystallizes in hard, colorless, monoclinic prisms which
lose their water of crystallization at 100° C. It is soluble in 7-4 parts
of water at the ordinary temperature, and in 9419 parts absolute alcohol.
It dissolves more easily with the aid of heat. Its watery solution has
a neutral reaction. Creatine is not dissolved by ether. If a creatine
solution is boiled with precipitated mercuric oxide, this is reduced,
especially in the presence of alkali, to mercury and oxalic acid, and the
foul-smelling methyluramine (methylguanidine) is developed. A solu-
1
Kossel and Dakin, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 41 and 42; Inouye, ibid., 81.
1
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 48; see also Dorner, ibid., 52.
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