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COMPOSITION OF THE BRAIN. 613
and salts diminish relatively, while the phosphatides, cerebrosidea and
especially cholesterin strikingly increase. The sulphur of the lipoids
increased to the second year, but then existed in the same amounts as at
nineteen years.
Baumstark claims to have found that a part of the cholesterin in the brain
occurs in a combined state, perhaps as ester; this view has been found to be
incorrect by the recent investigations of Bunz. He obtained from the brain
neither esters of cholesterin with higher fatty acids nor other compounds of
cholesterin which split on saponification. Tebb "i has also found only free
cholesterin.
According to Frankel,2 who has fractionally extracted the human
brain with various solvents, found 230 p. m. solids in the brain and this
consisted of § lipoids and § proteins. Of the lipoids about 17 per cent
was cholesterin, 34.482 per cent saturated and 48.293 per cent unsat-
urated compounds. The amount of cholesterin in the different parts
of the brain was as follows, according to Frankel, Kirschbaum and
Linnert. In the cortex 11.5 p. m., in the white substance 24.7 p. m.,
in the cerebellum 13.1 p. m., and in the bridge and medulla 40.3 p. m.,
all calculated in the moist substance.
The analysis of the brain of an epileptic made by Koch 3
is of very great
interest. As the protagon is considered by Koch as a mixture, no results for
the quantity of protagon are given. As no accurate methods for the estima-
tion of the little known bodies cephalin, myelin, phrenosin and kerasin are
available, the figures given for these are of little value. The following results
are calculated to 1000 parts:
Corpua Cortex
Calloaum (prefrontal).
Water 679.7 841.3
Protein 32.0 50.0
Nucleoproteins 37.0 30.0
Neurokeratin 27.0 (Chittenden) 4.0 (Chittenden)
Extractives (water-soluble) 15.
1
15.8
Lecithins 51.9 31.4
Cephalin and myelin 34.9 7.4
Phrenosin and kerasin 45.7 15.5
Cholesterin 48.6 7.0
Sulphurized substance 14.0 14.5
Mineral bodies 8.2 8.7
Pighini and Carbone found that the brains of paralytics were richer in water,
considerably richer in cholesterin, but poorer in cephalin than healthy brains.
This last corresponds, to the observations of Koch and Mann 4
that the quan-
tity of lipoid phosphorus was diminished in paralytics.
1
Baumstark, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem. 9; R. Bunz ibid., 46; Tebb, Joum. of
Physiol., 34.
2
Bioch. Zeitschr., 19, with Kirschbaum and Linnert, ibid., 46.
3
Amer. Joum. of Physiol., 11.
4
Pighini and Carbone, Bioch. Zeitschr., 46; Koch and Mann, Arch, of Neurol,
and Psychol., 1910.
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