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LUTEIN. 631
phosphatide, soluble with difficulty in ether, but obtained in crystalline
needles from hot alcohol, and contained 2.77 per cent N and 3.22 per cent
P, and had a melting-point of 100-170° C. Frankel and Bolaffio 1
also found a substance crystallizing from hot alcohol and insoluble in
ether with 2.78 per cent N and 2.18 per cent P. They call this body
neottin and claim that it is a triamino-monophosphatide having the formula
C84H172N3PO15. Barbieri has obtained a sulphurized phosphatide
called ovin, containing 1.35 per cent P, 3.06 per cent N and 0.4 per cent S.
The relation of all these bodies to each other must be further studied.
Lutein. With the name lutein we in the past have included several
yellow or orange-red amorphous coloring-matters which occur in the
yellow of the egg, and in several other places in the animal organism;
for instance, in the blood-serum and serous fluids, fatty tissues, milk-
fat, corpora lutea, and in the fat-globules of the retina as well as in dif-
ferent plants (Thudichum). Among these bodies belong the crys-
talline substance obtained by Escher from the corpora lutea (page 623).
It was difficultly soluble in alcohol but readily soluble in petroleum ether
and showed itself isomeric or perhaps identical with the plant pigment
carotin (CioHsc) analyzed by Willstatter and Mieg. The lutein of
the egg yolk, which is more readily soluble in alcohol and less soluble in
petroleum ether than carotin has also been obtained by Willstatter and
Escher in a pure, crystalline form. On analysis it gave the formula
C40H56O2. As shown by C. A. Schtjnck the yolk lutein stands in
close relation to the yellow plant pigment, xanthophyll. The formula
given by Willstatter and Escher for lutein was in fact the same as
for the xanthophyll, as previously found by Willstatter and Mieg.
These two substances are also similar in other respects; still the melting-
points of the two are different. The carotin and the yolk lutein differ
also by the absorption spectra, which is different in different solvents
as well as by their formulae and different solubilities.2
The relation of the other substances called luteins to each other and
to the yolk lutein is unknown. All are soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloro-
form. They differ from the bile-pigment, bilirubin, in that they are not
separated from their solution in chloroform by water containing alkali,
and also in that they do not give the characteristic play of colors with
nitric acid containing a little nitrous acid, but give a transient blue color.
The luteins withstand the action of alkalies so that they are not changed
when we remove the fats present by means of saponification.
1
Thierfeldcr and Stern, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 53; Frankel and Bolaffio,
Bioch. Zeitschr., 9; Barbieri, Compt. Rend., 145.
2
Thudichum, Centralbl. f. d. ined. Wiss. 1869; Willstatter and Mieg. Ann. d.
Chem., 355 (1907); Willstatter and Escher, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 64 1909);
76 (1911); Schunck, see Chem. Centralbl., 1903.
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