Full resolution (JPEG) - On this page / på denna sida - XIV. Urine - II. Organic Physiological Constituents of Urine
<< prev. page << föreg. sida << >> nästa sida >> next page >>
Below is the raw OCR text
from the above scanned image.
Do you see an error? Proofread the page now!
Här nedan syns maskintolkade texten från faksimilbilden ovan.
Ser du något fel? Korrekturläs sidan nu!
This page has never been proofread. / Denna sida har aldrig korrekturlästs.
FORMATION OF UREA. 685
or, in short experiments, at least a strongly diminished elimination of
urea should occur. As at hast a part of the urea is formed in the liver
from ammonium compounds, a simultaneous increase in the elimination
of ammonia is to be expected.
The extirpation and atrophy experiments made on animals by dif-
ferent methods l
have shown that sometimes a rather marked increase
of ammonia and a diminished elimination of urea takes place after the
operation, but that there are also cases in which, irrespective of the pro-
nounced atrophy, an abundant formation of urea occurs, and no appre-
ciable. ;
f any, change in the proportion of ammonia to the total nitrogen
and urea is observed. After shutting out from the circulation the organs
of the posterior part of the body, especially the liver and kidneys, Kauf-
maxx 2
also found an important increase in the urea of the blood, and these
different observations show that the liver is not the only organ, in the
various animals experimented upon, in which urea is formed.
The observations made by numerous investigators 3
on human beings
with cirrhosis of the liver, acute yellow atrophy of the liver, and phos-
phorus poisoning have led to the same result. These investigations
teach that in certain cases the proportion of the nitrogenous substances
may be so changed that urea is only 50-60 per cent of the total nitrogen,
while in other cases, on the contrary, even in very extensive atrophy
of the liver-cells, the formation of urea is not diminished, neither is the
proportion between the total nitrogen, urea, and ammonia essentially
changed. Even in the cases in which the formation of urea was relatively
diminished and the elimination of ammonia considerably increased, fur-
ther investigation must be instituted before it will be possible to assume
a reduced ability of the organism to produce urea. An increased elimi-
nation of ammonia may, as shown by Munzer in the case of acute
phosphorus poisoning, be dependent upon the formation of abnormally
large quantities of acids, caused by abnormal metabolism, and these acids
require a greater quantity of ammonia for their neutralization according
to the law of elimination of ammonia. That an abnormal formation
1
Xencki and Hahn, 1. c; Slosse, Arch. f. (Anat. u.) Physiol., 1890; Lieblein, Arch,
f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 33; Nencki and Pawlow, Arch, des science, biol. de St. Peters-
bourp, 5. See also v. Meister, Maly’s Jahresber., 25; Salaskin and Zaleski, Zeitschr. f
.
physiol. Chem., 29; Fischler and Bardach, ibid., 78.
2
Compt. rend. soc. biol., 46, and Arch, de Physiol. (5), 6.
3
See Hallervorden, Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 12; Weintraud, ibid., 31; Miinzer
and Winterberg, ibid., 33; Stadelmann, Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med., 33; Fawitzki,
ibid., 45: Miinzer, ibid., 52; Frankel, Berlin, klin. Wochenschr., 1878; Richter, ibid.,
1896; Morner and Sjoqvist, Skand. Arch. f. Physiol., 2, and Sjoqvist, Nord. Med.
Arkiv. 1892; Guinlich. Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 17; v. Xoorden, Lehrb. d. Pathol,
des Stoffwechsels, 2. Aufl., Bd. 1, 104.
<< prev. page << föreg. sida << >> nästa sida >> next page >>
