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698 URINE.
The same method is used in the determination of creatine, which
for this purpose is first converted into creatinine by warming with dilute
mineral acid. The quantity of creatine is the difference obtained between
the values for creatinine before and after treatment with acid. More
detailed directions can be found in the cited works of Folin, v. Hoogen-
htjyze and Verploegh, Gottlieb and Stangassinger.
In regard to other methods, see the works of Kolisch and Gregor.1
Xanthocreatinine, C5 Hi N4O. This body, which was first prepared from
meat extract by Gautier, has been found, by Monari, in dog’s urine after the
injection of creatinine into the abdominal cavity, and in human urine after several
hours of exhaustive inarching. According to Colasanti it occurs to a relatively
greater extent in lion’s urine. Stadthagen 2
considers the xanthocreatinine
isolated from human urine after strenuous muscular activity as impure creatinine.
Xanthocreatinine forms thin sulphur-yellow plates, similar to cholesterin,
which have a bitter taste. It dissolves in cold water and in alcohol, and gives
a crystalline compound with hydrochloric acid and a double compound with
gold and platinum chloride. It gives a compound with zinc chloride, which
crystallizes in fine needles. Xanthocreatinine has a poisonous action.
Methylguanidine occurs, according to Achelis, Kutscher and Lohmann,
to a slight extent as a regular constituent of the urine of man, horse and dog.
It has been found in urines associated with dimethylguanidine by Engeland. 3
HN—CO
I
I
Uric Acid, Ur, C5H4N4O3; 2, 6, 8-trioxypurine, OC C—NHV ,
has
I II >CO
HN—C—NH’
been prepared synthetically by Horbaczewski by fusing urea anu
glycocoll, or by heating trichlorlactic-acid amide with an excess of urea.
Behrend and Roosen prepared it from isodialuric acid and urea; it
is also readily produced from isouric acid on boiling with hydrochloric
acid (E. Fischer and Tullner) and finally E. Fischer and Ach 4
have
prepared uric acid from pseudouric acid by heating with oxalic acid to
145° C.
On strongly heating uric acid it decomposes with the formation of
urea, hydrocyanic acid, cyanuric acid, and ammonia. On heating with
concentrated hydrochloric acid in sealed tubes to 170° C. it splits into
glycocoll, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. By the action of oxidizing
agents splitting and oxidation take place, and either monoureides or
diureides are produced. By oxidation with lead peroxide, carbon dioxide,
1
Kolisch, Centralbl. f. innere Med., 1805; Gregor, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 31.
1 Gautier, Bull, de l’acad. demed. (2), 15, and Bull, de la soc. chim. (2), 48; Monari,
Maly’s Jahresber., 17; Colasanti, Arch. ital. d. Biologie, 15, Fasc. 3; Stadthagen,
Zeitschr. f. klin. Med., 15.
1
Achelis, Centralbl. f. Physiol., 20, 455, and Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 50; Kut-
Bcher and Lohmann, ibid., 49; Engeland, ibid., 57.
4
Horbaczewski, Monatshefte f. Chem., 6 and 8; Behrend and Roosen, Ber. d. d.
chem. Gesellsch., 21 ; Fischer and Tullner, ibid., 35; Fischer and Ach, ibid., 28.
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