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ALLANTOIN. 717
of such a formation. 1
An endogenous as well as an exogenous origin
of oxalic acid has also been suggested.
Oxalic acid is best detected and quantitatively determined according
to the method suggested by Salkowski: Shaking out the oxalic acid from
the acidified urine by means of ether. Detailed account of this can
be found in Wegrzynowski.2
.NH.CH.HN.CO.NH2,
Allantoin (Glyoxyldiureide), C4H6N4O3, OC\
xNH.CO
occurs, it is claimed by earlier writers, in the urine of children within the
first eight days after birth, and in very small amounts also in the urine
of adults (Gtjsserow, Ziegler and Hermann). It is found in rather
abundant quantities in the urine of pregnant women (Gusserow;.
According to Wiechowski the urine of adults, if it contains any allan-
toin at all, has only traces, and he could not detect any in the urine of
nurslings or in the amniotic fluid, which does not agree with previous
reports. Allantoin has also been found in the urine of suckling calves
(Wohler), in urine of oxen (Salkowski), and sometimes in the urine of
other animals (Meissner). Wiechowski has .found it in relatively
large quantities in the urine of the dog, cat, rabbit and monkey, and he
considers that allantoin is a terminal metabolic product in these ani-
mals. It is also found, as first shown by Valquelin and Lassaigne,3
in the allantoic fluid of the cow (hence the name). That allantoin is
formed from the uric acid in mammalia is almost certain, and the inves-
tigations on which this is based have already been given in discussing the
decomposition of uric acid.4
The allantoin thus originates from the
purine bodies, and consequently in clogs and other animals the excretion
of allantoin is considerably increased, according to Minkowski, Cohn,
Salkowski, and Mendel and Brown.5
after feeding thymus or pan-
creas. A strong allantoin excretion is also found in dogs after poisoning
with hydrazine (Borissow), hydroxylamine, semicarbazide, and amino-
guanidine (Pohl), and this increase in the excretion cf allantoin is
1
See Wiener, Ergebn. d. Physiol., 1; Tomaszewski, Zeitschr. f. exp. Path. u. Ther.f
7; Pohl, ibid., 8; Jastrowitz, Bioch. Zeitschr., 28.
2
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 83.
3
Ziegler and Hermann, see Gusserow, Arch. f. Gynakol.. 3—both cited from Huppert-
Neibauer, Ham-Analyse, 10. Aufl., 377; Wohler, Anna! d. Chem. u. Pharm., 70;
Salkowski, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 42; Meissner. Zeitschr. f. rat. Me.I. (3), 31;
Lassaigne, Annal. de Chim. et Phys., 17; Wiechowski, Hofmeister’s Beitrage, 11, and
Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 60, and Bioch. Zeitschr., l’,> and 25.
4
See footnote 2, page 706.
5
Minkowski, Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 41. and Centralbl. f. innere Med., 1S98;
Cohn, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 25; Salkowski, Centralbl. f. d. med. Wissensch.,
1898; Mendel and Brown, Amer. Journ. of Physiol., 3.
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