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734 URINE.
ment is not preformed in the urine, but is produced from its chromogen (indol
acetic acid) when the urine is treated with ivydrochloric acid alone. The urine
becomes red. Urorosein differs from indirubin essentially by the same properties
as skatol, with which, according to some, it is identical (see above).
Nephrorosein is a pigment described by V. Arnold » which is closely related to
urorosein and which, like this, is produced from a chromogen when the urine is
treated with nitric acid or with concentrated hydrochloric acid and a little sodium
nitrite solution. Xephrorosein is soluble in amyl alcohol and gives a spectrum
with a band between b and F, reaching from b to a little beyond the middle between
b and F. It is changed by the action of light and finally gives a band between
D and E, near E. The new pigment thus obtained is called ^-urorosein to dif-
ferentiate it from the ordinary urorosein, a-urorosein. The nephrorosein has not
been observed in normal urines but only in certain pathological cases.
The pigment obtained by de Jager by precipitating the urine with HC1 and
formol seems to be related to urorosein and nephrorosein. According to Ellinger
and Flamand "-
urorosein belongs probably, like skatol-red, to the group of tri-
indyl methane pigments prepared by them from /3-indol aldehyde by boiling in
pcid solution. Probably the leucobase HCCCYHeN^, which gives the red pigment,
HO.C : (CsH6 X) 3 is produced by condensation.
Aromatic Oxyacids. In the putrefaction of proteins in the intes-
tine, paraoxyphenyl-o.cetic acid and paraoxyphenyl-propionic acid are
formed from tyrosine as an intermediate step, and these in great part
pass unchanged into the urine. The quantity of these acids is usually
very small. They are increased under the same conditions as the phenols,
especially in acute phosphorus poisoning, in which the increase is con-
siderable. A small portion of these oxyacids is also combined with
sulphuric acid.
Besides these two oxyacids which regularly occur in human urine
we sometimes have other oxyacids in urines. To these belong homo-
gentisic acid in alcaptonuria, oxyhydroparacomnaric acid, found by Blender-
mann in the urine on feeding rabbits with tyrosine, gallic acid, which,
according to Baumann,3
sometimes appears in horse’s urine, and kynu-
renic acid (oxyquinolincarboxylic acid), which up to the present time
has been found only in dog’s urine. Although all these acids do not
belong to the physiological constituents of the urine, still they will be
treated in connection with these.
Paraoxyphenylacetic Acid, CsHeOj, C6 H4 \ , and p-Oxyphenyl-
/OK
/OF
propionic Acid (Hvdroparacoumaric Acid), C9H10O3, CeH4
\ , are
^
\CH2.CH2COOH
crystalline and are both soluble in water and in ether. The one melts at 148° C.
ami the other al 125° C. Both give a beautiful red coloration on being warmed
with Mil.
1
gent.
1
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 61 and 71.
2
de Jager, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 61; Ellinger and Flamand, ibid., 62.
3
Blendennann, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 6, 267; Baumann, ibid., 6, 193.
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