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PHOSPHATES. 763
(P2O5) of the food exactly reappeared in the urine and feces, the rela-
tion was 8.1:1. In starvation, as shown by the compilation of R. Tiger-
stedt, 1
the phosphorized constituents of the body are destroyed to a
much greater extent than when food very poor in phosphorus is given.
In starvation this relation is changed, namely, relatively more phosphoric
acid is eliminated, which seems to indicate that besides flesh and related
tissues another tissue rich in phosphorus is largely destroyed. The
starvation experiments show that this is the bone-tissue. According to
Preysz, Olsavszky, Klug, I. Munk and Maillard 2
the elimination
of phosphoric acid is considerably increased by intense muscular work.
As the phosphoric acid is in part derived from the nucleins, it would
be expected that in those diseases in which the excretion of purine
bodies was increased the phosphoric acid would also be augmented.
This is not the case, and indeed we have observed cases with an increased
elimination of purine bodies with a diminution in the phosphoric-acid
excretion. Cases of leucaemia have been observed in which the phos-
phoric-acid excretion was reduced, although there was a pronounced
increase in the number of leucocytes. In these cases there may be a
subsequent excretion or a retention of phosphoric acid. This last condition
also occurs in inflammatory and renal diseases. The earthy phosphates
of the urine sometimes have the tendency of precipitating either spon-
taneously or after warming, and this has been called phosphaturia. We
are here dealing with a diminished acidity and, it seems, with a dimin-
ished excretion of phosphoric acid and an increased elimination of lime,
or at least an essentially different relation between the phosphoric acid
and the alkaline earths of the urine, as compared with the normal (Panek
Iwanoff, Soetber and Krieger 3
).
Quantitative Estimation of the Total Phosphoric Acid in the Urine.
This estimation is most simply performed by titrating with a solution
of uranium acetate. The principle of the titration is as follows: A
warm solution of phosphates containing free acetic acid gives a whitish-
yellow precipitate of uranium phosphate with a solution of a uranium
salt. This precipitate is insoluble in acetic acid, but dissolves in mineral
acids, and on this account there is always added, in titrating, a certain
quantity of sodium-acetate solution. Potassium ferrocyanide is used
as the indicator, which does not act on the uranium-phosphate precipitate,
but gives a reddish-brown precipitate or coloration in the presence of the
1
Skand. Arch. f. Physiol., 16.
2
Preysz, see Maly’s Jahresber., 21; Olsavszky and Klug, Pfluger’s Arch., 54;
Munk, Arch. f. (Anat. u.) Physiol., 1895; Maillard, Journ. de Phvsiol. et de Path.
10 and 11.
3
Panek, see Maly’s Jahresber., 30, 112; Iwanoff, Biochem. Centralbl., 1, 710;
Soetber^and Krieger, Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Me.!., "2; Cainpaui, Biochem. Centralbl.,
3, 616; Tobler, Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Phann., 52.
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