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790 URINE.
second one, such as the heat test. In performing this test the (primary)
proteoses are also precipitated.
The reaction with meta phosphoric acid is very convenient and easily
performed. It is not quite so delicate and positive as Heller’s test.
The proteoses are also precipitated by this reagent.
Reaction with Acetic Acid and Potassium Ferrocyanide. Treat the
urine first with acetic acid until it contains about 2 per cent, and then
add drop by drop a potassium-ferrocyanide solution (1:20), carefully
avoiding an excess. This test is very good, and in the hands of experts
it is even more delicate than Heller’s. In the presence of a very small
quantity of proteid it requires more practice and dexterity than Hel-
ler’s, as the relative quantities of reagent, proteid, and acetic acid influence
the result of the test. The quantity of salts in the urine likewise seems
to have an influence. This reagent also precipitates proteoses.
Spiegler’s Test. Spiegler recommends a solution of 8 parts mercuric
chloride, 4 parts tartaric acid, 20 parts glycerin, and 200 parts water as a very
delicate reagent for proteid in the urine. A test-tube is half filled with this
reagent and the urine is allowed to flow upon its surface drop by drop from a
pipette along the wall of the test-tube. In the presence of proteid a white ring is
obtained at the point of contact between the two liquids. The delicacy of this
test is 1 :350,000. Jolles * does not consider this reagent suited for urines very
poor in chlorine, and for this reason he has changed it as follows: 10 grams mer-
curic chloride, 20 grams succinic acid, 10 grams NaCl, and 500 cc. water.
Reaction with sulphosalicylic acid. Treat the urine either with a 20 per cent
watery solution of sulphosalicylic acid or a few crystals of the acid. This reagent
does not precipitate the uric acid or the resin acids. (Roch’s 2
test.)
As every normal urine contains traces of proteid, it is apparent that
very delicate reagents are to be used only with the greatest caution. For
ordinary cases Heller’s test is sufficiently delicate. If no reaction is
obtained with this test within 2\ to 3 minutes, the .urine tested contains
less than 0.003 per cent of proteid, and is to be considered free from pro-
teid in the ordinary sense.
The use of precipitating reagents presumes that the urine to be investi-
gated is perfectly clear, especially in the presence of only very little
proteid. The urine must first be filtered. This is not easily done with
urine containing bacteria, but a clear urine may be obtained, as suggested
by A. Jolles, by shaking the urine with infusorial earth. Although
a little proteid is retained in this procedure and lost, it does not seem to
be of any importance (Grutzner, Schweissinger 3
).
The different color reactions cannot be directly used, esspecially in deep-colored
urines which contain only little proteid. The common salt of the urine has a
disturbing action on Millon’s reagent. To prove mora positively the presence
1
Spiegler, Wien. klin. Wochenschr., 1892, and Centralbl. f. d. klin. Med., 1893;
Jolles, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 21.
2
Pharmaceut. Centralbl., 1889, and Zeitschr. f. anal. Chem., 29.
* Jolles, Zeitschr. f. anai. Chem., 29; Grutzner, Chem. Centralbl., 1901, 1;
Schweissinger, ibid.
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