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DETECTION OF NUCLEOALBUMINS. 795
by Morner to be a combination of proteid chiefly with chondroitin-
sulphuric acid, and to a less extent with nucleic acid, and also perhaps
with tauroeholic acid.
As normal urine habitually contains an excess of substances capable
of precipitating proteids, it is apparent that an increased elimination of
so-called nucleoalbumin may be caused simply by an augmented excretion
of proteid. This happens to a still greater extent in cases where the
proteid as well as the proteid-precipitating substance is eliminated to an
increased extent.
Detection of so-called Nucleoalbumins. When a urine becomes cloudy
or precipitates on the addition of acetic acid, and when it gives a more
typical reaction with Heller’s test after the dilution of the urine than
before, one is justified in making tests for mucin and nucleoalbumin.
As the salts of the urine interfere considerably with the precipitation
of these substances by acetic acid, they must first be removed by dialysis.
As large a quantity of urine as possible is dialyzed (with the addition of
chloroform) until the salts are removed. The acetic acid is added until
it contains 2 p. m., and the mixture allowed to stand. The precipitate
is dissolved in water by the aid of the smallest possible quantity of alkali
and precipitated again. In testing for chrondroitin-sulphuric acid a
part is warmed on the water-bath with about 5 per cent hydrochloric
acid. If positive results are obtained on testing for sulphuric acid and
reducing substance, then chondroproteid was present. If a reducing
substance can be detected but no sulphuric acid, then mucin is probably
there. If it does not contain any sulphuric acid or reducing substance,
a part of the precipitate is exposed to pepsin digestion and another part
used for the determination of any organic phosphorus. If positive results
are obtained from these tests, then nucleoalbumin and nucleoproteid
must be differentiated by special tests for nuclein bases. No positive
conclusion can be drawn except by using very large quantities of urine.
The filtrate from the nucleoalbumin can be used for the ordinary proteid
tests.
Nucleohistone. In a case of pseudoleucacmia A. Jolles found a phos-
phorized protein substance which he considers as identical with nucleohistone.
Histone is claimed to have been found in some cases by Krehl and AIatthes,
and by Kolisch and Buuian. 1
The nitrogen contained in the substances precipitated by alcohol, called the
"colloidal nitrogen " by Salkowski and whose quantity is doubled in carcinoma
as compared to the normal, consists in great part of oxyproteic acids. Accord-
ing to Salkowski and Kojo 2
this can be precipitated by basic lead acetate and
the nitrogen determined therein.
Blood and Blood-coloring Matters. The urine may contain blood from
hemorrhage in the kidneys or other parts of the urinary passages (ilema-
1
Jolles, Ber. d. deutsch. chem. Gesellsch., 30; Krehl and Matthes, Deutsch. Arch,
f. klin. Med., 54; Kolisch and Burian, Zeitschr. f. klin. Med., 29.
2
Salkowski, Berl. klin. Wochenschr., 1905 and 1910; Kojo, Zeitschr. f. physiol.
Chem., 73.
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