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LACTOSE IN URINE. 815-
Maltose sometimes occurs in the urine according to Lepine and Boulud,
Geelmuyden, 1
who also held this view, now states that maltose does not occur
in the urine.
Laiose is a substance named by Huppert and found by Leo - in diabetic urines
in certain cases, and which he considers as a sugar. It is levogyrate, amorphous,
and does not taste sweet, but rather sharp and salty. Laiose lias a reducing
action on metallic oxides, does not ferment, and gives a non-crystalline, yellowish-
brown oil with phenylhydrazine. There is no positive proof as yet that this
substance is a sugar.
Lactose. The appearance of lactose in the urine of pregnant women
was first shown by the observations of De Sinety and F. Hofmeister,
and this has been substantiated by other investigators. After the inges-
tion of large quantities of milk-sugar some lactose may be found in the
urine (see Chapter VIII on absorption). Langstein and Steinitz have
observed the passage of lactose and also of galactose 3
into the urine of
nurslings with disease of the stomach. The passage of lactose into the
urine is called lactosuria.
The positive detection of this sugar in the urine is difficult, because
it is, like glucose, dextrogyrate, and also gives the usual reduction tests.
If urine contains a dextrogyrate, non-fermentable sugar which reduces
bismuth solutions, then it is very probable that it contains lactose. It
must be remarked that the fermentation test for lactose is, according to
the experience of Lusk and Voit,4
best performed by using pure cultivated
yeast (saccharomyces apiculatus). This yeast only ferments the glucose
while it does not decompose the milk-sugar. Voit claims that if Rub-
ner’s test is performed without heating to boiling, but only to 80° C,
the color becomes yellow or brown in the presence of lactose, instead
of red. The most positive means for the detection of this sugar is to
isolate the sugar from the urine. This may be done by the method
suggested by F. Hofmeister.5
R. Bauer 6
detects galactose as well as lactose in the urine by oxidation with
concentrated nitric acid, producing mucic acid.
Cammidge’s reaction, which is recommended in the diagnosis of acute diseases
of the pancreas, consists in that certain urines do not give the phenylhydrazine
reaction directly, but only after boiling with an acid. The reason of this is not
known and the reaction is partly due to cane-sugar, in part to pentoses or gluco-
ronic acid and in part to mixtures of bodies.
1
Lepine and Boulud, Compt. Rend., 132; Geelmuyden, Zeitschr. f. klin, Med., 70.
2
Virchow’s Arch., 107.
3
Hofmeister, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 1, which also contains the pertinent
literature. See also Lemaire, ibid., 21; Langstein and Steinitz, Hofmeister’s Beitrage, 7.
4
Carl Voit, Ueber Die Glycogenbiklung nach Aufnahme verschiedener Zuckeraten,
Zeitschr. f. Biologic, 28.
5
Hofmeister, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 1, which also contains the pertinent
literature.
6
Zeitschr. f. Physiol. Chem., 51.
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